Fig. 1 Experimental design

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Fig. 1 Experimental design Fig. 1 Experimental design. Dark arrows indicate time of injections of IGF-I into the amniotic fluid in the amniotic treatment groups. PM, Postmortem. From: Fetal and Amniotic Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Supplements Improve Growth Rate in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Fetal Sheep Endocrinology. 2007;148(6):2963-2972. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1701 Endocrinology | Copyright © 2007 by the Endocrine Society

Fig. 3 Fetal and maternal blood gases and hemoglobin concentrations Fig. 3 Fetal and maternal blood gases and hemoglobin concentrations. A, Fetal PaO<sub>2</sub>. B, Fetal PaCO<sub>2</sub>. C, Fetal hemoglobin. D, Maternal PaO<sub>2</sub>. E, Maternal PaCO<sub>2</sub>. F, Maternal hemoglobin. Data are analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test and values are mean ± se. •, Control (n = 10–5); ○, SAL (n = 13–6); ▪, IGF-AF (n = 11–5); □, IGF-NUT (n = 13–6), ▴, IGF-IV (n = 11–5). Animal numbers decreased over the study period due to attrition (see Table 1). *, P ≤ 0.05, **, P ≤ 0.01, ****, P ≤ 0.0001 for time effects; upper-case letters represent group effects, and lower-case letters represent post hoc significance of the group × time interaction. <sup>C/c</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. control; <sup>S/s</sup>P ≤0.05 vs. SAL; <sup>A/a</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. IGF-AF; <sup>N/n</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. IGF-NUT; <sup>I/i</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. IGF-IV; <sup>ALL/all</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. all other groups. From: Fetal and Amniotic Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Supplements Improve Growth Rate in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Fetal Sheep Endocrinology. 2007;148(6):2963-2972. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1701 Endocrinology | Copyright © 2007 by the Endocrine Society

Fig. 2 Fetal chest girth increments Fig. 2 Fetal chest girth increments. Values are normalized for 93 dGA and expressed as mean ± se. •, Control (n = 6); ○, SAL (n = 10); ▪, IGF-AF (n = 5); □, IGF-NUT (n = 6); ▴, IGF-IV (n = 5). The gray horizontal bar indicates period of embolization. Mean daily girth increments are reduced in embolized groups during the embolization period (Table 2, not indicated in figure). Upper-case letters indicate group effects during the treatment period (<sup>S</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. SAL; <sup>N</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. IGF-NUT). From: Fetal and Amniotic Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Supplements Improve Growth Rate in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Fetal Sheep Endocrinology. 2007;148(6):2963-2972. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1701 Endocrinology | Copyright © 2007 by the Endocrine Society

Fig. 4 Fetal and maternal arterial and amniotic fluid metabolite concentrations. A, Fetal glucose. B, Fetal lactate. C, Fetal urea. D, Maternal glucose. E, Maternal lactate. F, Maternal urea. G, Amniotic fluid glucose. H, Amniotic fluid lactate. I, Amniotic fluid urea. Data are analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test and values are mean ± se. •, Control (n = 10–6); ○, SAL (n = 12–7); ▪, IGF-AF (n = 12–6); □, IGF-NUT (n = 11–7); ▴, IGF-IV (n = 11–5). Animal numbers decreased throughout the study period due to attrition (see Table 1). *, P ≤ 0.05, **, P ≤ 0.01, ***, P ≤ 0.001, ****, P ≤ 0.0001 for time effects; upper-case letters represent group effects, and lower-case letters represent post hoc significance of the group × time interaction. <sup>C/c</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. control; <sup>S/s</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. SAL; <sup>A/a</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. IGF-AF; <sup>N/n</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. IGF-NUT; <sup>I/i</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. IGF-IV; <sup>ALL/all</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. all other groups. From: Fetal and Amniotic Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Supplements Improve Growth Rate in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Fetal Sheep Endocrinology. 2007;148(6):2963-2972. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1701 Endocrinology | Copyright © 2007 by the Endocrine Society

Fig. 5 Fetal and maternal arterial and amniotic fluid IGF-I and insulin concentrations. A, Fetal IGF-I. B, Fetal insulin. C, Maternal IGF-I. D, Maternal insulin. E, Amniotic fluid IGF-I. Data are analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test and values are mean ± se. •, Control (n = 9–4); ○, SAL (n = 13–7); ▪, IGF-AF (n = 12–6); □, IGF-NUT (n = 11–6); ▴, IGF-IV (n = 10–5). Animal numbers decreased over the study period due to attrition (see Table 1). *, P ≤ 0.05, **, P ≤ 0.01, ****, P ≤ 0.0001 for time effects; upper-case letters represent group effects, and lower-case letters represent post hoc significance of the group × time interaction. <sup>C/c</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. control; <sup>S/s</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. SAL; <sup>A/a</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. IGF-AF; <sup>N/n</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. IGF-NUT; <sup>I/i</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. IGF-IV; <sup>ALL/all</sup>P ≤ 0.05 vs. all other groups. From: Fetal and Amniotic Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Supplements Improve Growth Rate in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Fetal Sheep Endocrinology. 2007;148(6):2963-2972. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1701 Endocrinology | Copyright © 2007 by the Endocrine Society