April 5, 2017 Global II Agenda: DO NOW: Multiple Choice Review NOTES #42: How did Africa gain independence and what were the effects?

How did Africa gain independence and what were the effects? Notes #42

Prior to World War II, most of Africa was controlled by European nations under the policy of imperialism.

After WWII, increased nationalism led to independence for many African nations.

Independence from Europe was achieved by African nations through both peace and violence.

Major independence movement leaders of African nations included Jomo Kenyatta (for Kenya) and Kwame Nkrumah (for Ghana). X X Jomo Kenyatta Years of independence for African nations Kwame Nkrumah 6

Nkrumah supported the idea of Pan-Africanism, which called for Africa to unite.

However, Africa has failed to unite as a result of the different cultures and governments that exist there. Ethnic map of Africa; about 3,000 different ethnic groups of people in Africa today

Today, the stability of many African nations continues to be threatened by the ethnic and tribal loyalties of the African people, which has created conflict in these nations.

Major ethnic and tribal conflicts are found in African nations such as: Nigeria, Rwanda, Somalia, and Sudan. Present-day Nigeria

Somali Civil War (1991-present day)

Rwandan genocide (1994)

War in Darfur (Sudan) (2003-present day)