Syntax of the English Language 2016/2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Syntax of the English Language 2016/2

An adverbial clause is used as a single- word adverb or an adverbial expression. Single-word adverbs and adverbials modify a verb by answering questions such as “when?” , “where?”, “how?”, about the verb. e.g. He bought a car. WHEN? recently – a single-word adverb of time. last week – an adverbial of time. when he got his driver’s license – an adverbial clause of time. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

In the sentences that follow, replace the adverbials by an adverbial clause to show the same meaning   a) She has been a doctor since 1987. b) She couldn’t take part in the show due to her sickness. c) Despite the rain, she was able to reach the station. d) During the winter, most kids had to stay in. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Types Time – it says when something happens. Place – it says where something happens. Reason – it tells you why something happens or why it should happen. Purpose – it also tells you why something is happening, but states the aim or purpose of it rather than the reason for it or cause of it. Manner – it says how something happens. Result – it tells you what results from something happening. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Types

TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES TIME Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by conjunctions such as: a. after – After it had stopped snowing, I went outside. b. as – As I was walking to the store, it began to snow again. c. as long as – I will never like snow as long as I live. d. as soon as – As soon as I returned home, I made a fire. e. since – She has been a good skier since she was a child. f. until – I had never seen snow until my family move from Florida to Boston. g. once – Once he was in the kitchen with my mother, I could relax a little. TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES PLACE Adverbial clauses of place are introduced by conjunctions such as: a. where – I prefer to live where the sun shines all year. b. wherever – Wherever it’s sunny and warm, I am happy

TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES REASON Adverbial clauses of reason are introduced by conjunctions such as: a. because – My brothers are studying in California because they don’t like snow either. b. since – Since it is so beautiful there, my parents are going to move.

TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES PURPOSE Adverbial clauses of purpose are introduced by conjunctions such as: a. so that – I’m planning to live with my brothers so that I can be near the beach. b. in order that – I want to be near the beach in order that I might learn how to water ski.

TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES MANNER Adverbial clauses of manner are introduced by conjunctions such as: a. as - In California, we can enjoy the beach as we used to in Florida. b. as if – My brothers swim as if they were fish. c. as though – In California, I will feel as though I were alive again.

TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES RESULT Adverbial clauses of result are introduced by conjunctions such as: a. so…that – California is so beautiful that I can’t imagine staying in Boston. b. such….that – It is such a beautiful state that I can’t imagine staying in Boston.