Organic Chemistry In a nutshell...

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Chemistry In a nutshell..

Important Elements CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur Phosphorus Chlorine

Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds occur when electrons are SHARED between non-metals. Carbon has 4 bonds C Valence Electrons

Other Bonds Hydrogen one bond Oxygen two bonds Nitrogen three bonds Sulphur two bonds (varies) Phosphorus three bonds (varies) Chlorine one bond Bonds = # valence electrons needed to be Happy 

One, Two, Three…. Elements can form Single, Double, and Triple Bonds Single bonds share 2 electrons Double bonds share 4 electrons Triple bonds share 6 electrons H H O O N N

Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are made up of hydrogen and carbon only. They are divided up based on the number of bonds. alkanes have Single Bonds alkenes have Double Bonds alkynes have Triple Bonds

Prefixes Prefixes are used to describe the number of Carbons in the compound. Meth = 1 Carbon Eth = 2 Carbons H H H C C C H H H H H H H

Prefixes Meth 1 carbon Hex 6 carbons Eth 2 carbons Hept 7 carbons Prop 3 carbons Oct 8 carbons But 4 carbons Non 9 carbons Pent 5 carbons Dec 10 carbons

Prefix + Suffix Methane Ethylene H H H C C C H H H H H

C C C C C Functional Groups Functional groups contain combinations of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, that are attached to the carbon chain and determine chemical properties. H H H H H C C C C C H H H H H H H

Functional Group Examples The –OH functional group is characteristic of all organic alcohols. H C H OH H Methanol: Meth = 1 carbon ol = functional group OH

Functional Group Examples The –COOH functional group is characteristic of all organic carboxylic acids H C OH O Methanoic Acid: Meth = 1 carbon oic acid = OOH functional group

Benzene Ring H C H H C C C C H C H H

Name that Compound! C C C C C H Pentane

Name that Compound! C C C C C H Pentene

Name that Compound O H OH C C Ethonic acid

Name that Compound C C C H Propyne

Crystal Meth N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine

(vinegar or acetic acid) Molecular Formula Percent Composition (Show work) Functional Group (-OH or –COOH) Name of Compound Structural Model H3CCOOH Ethanoic acid (vinegar or acetic acid) C2H5OH Ethanol (grain alcohol) C2H5COOH Propanoic acid C3H7OH Propanol (rubbing alcohol)

Molecular Formula (Show work) Percent Composition Recycling # & Abbreviation Name of Compound Structural Model C = 83.40% H = 5.61% O = 11.10% Polyethylene terephthalate C = 38.46% H = 4.85% Cl = 56.77 PVC Polyvinyl chloride C = 85.60% H = 14.40% Polypropylene C = 92.38% H = 7.77% Polystyrene