Moon phases Eclipses (Section 2.3 in textbook)

Goals & Outcomes Appreciating science in general, and astronomy in specific. Developing a working knowledge of the scientific method and how to apply it to real world situations. Critically analyzing and evaluating information, scientific or otherwise Diagram the positions of the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon during solar and lunar eclipses. Predict the phase of the Moon that would be seen in the sky, given the positions of the Earth, the Sun, the Moon, and the observer.

Learning Objectives What are the names of the Moon’s phases? Match names with pictures What causes these phases? FOCUS OF THIS LESSON: Telling time & direction from the appearance of the Moon. What causes eclipses? What does the Moon (and Earth) look like during eclipses? Are there phases on other worlds?

Moon’s orbit Moon’s size = Earth’s size = Which object casts a bigger shadow? Moon’s orbit distance = Inclination (tilt) of the orbit = Important for reasons we’ll discuss later. From California Science Standards, grade 3 Students know the way in which the Moon's appearance changes during the four-week lunar cycle.

Phases & names – see page 43

Moon phase today Which direction is the Sun right now? Where is the Earth’s shadow? Hold up the golfball in the same direction that you see the Moon. What is the phase of the Moon today? ???Go outside with golf ball and see phase of golfball today??? If not today, try this on your own with your own white sphere.

Golf Ball demo – phases part 1 Using: the light bulb as the Sun Golf ball as Moon. If brand name appears = near side. YOU as ENTIRE Earth Picture on textbook p. 43 will help with visual aid. Create new Moon. Create waxing crescent

Quick activities Ranking Task – Exercise #1 Examine B, E. Shade in the dark part. Examine C. Shade in the dark part. Read “Ranking Instructions.” Answer the “Ranking Order” question Look at Lecture Tutorial workbook on page 79, #1. Which phase is that? Answer the question. 1 minute.

Question 1 on page 79 of workbook. C D E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Golf Ball demo – phases part 2 Review: make a new moon. Waxing crescent Other phases: First quarter … follow teacher prompt through all phases. Lecture tutorial, pages 79-81. Do remaining questions. 10 minutes.

Golf Ball demo – phases part 3 Demonstrate starting at one new moon and going through a cycle to the next new moon. How long does it take to do that? How long does it take to go new -> 1st quarter? How long from 1st quarter to full? How long from waxing crescent to waning crescent?

How long between 1st quarter and full moon? 1 day 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 1 moonth 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

How long from waxing crescent to waning crescent? 1 day 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 1 moonth 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Today the Moon is one day after Full Moon. What will it be tomorrow? New Wax crescent 1st quarter Wax gib Full Wan gib 3rd qtr Wan cresc. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Sun stuff Review Sun directions at various times. Sunrise: time = _________, direction _____ Sunset: time = __________, direction _____ Middle of day: time = ________, Sun direction __ _______________________________________

Golf Ball demo – eclipses What is a total lunar eclipse? What phase is the Moon? Is it always that phase? What is a total solar eclipse? What phase is the Moon? Is it always that phase? Eclipses discussed in textbook, pages 45-49

Jigsaw Work on the jigsaw handout in groups

Facing the Moon, finding the Sun Which direction would you have to turn to see the Sun if you saw these pictures: 1. How much would you turn? 2. How much would you turn? 3. How much would you turn? 4. How much would you turn? Lecture tutorial, pages 83-85.

What you should be able to do Given a picture of the Moon, name of phase or eclipse, complete all of the following: Draw picture and name each phase How much of the Moon is lit, and how much of the lit part we see? Why is the dark part not lit? If facing the Moon at any phase, which way (right/left/behind) do you turn to face the Sun? Name direction (NSEW) Approximate time, based on the Moon’s phase and location in the sky

Clicker questions coming My advice: Take out some notebook paper. I will fill in the blanks on the board. Copy info down. Write your guess someplace off to the side so you can cover up your answer when you study your notes Write the correct answer in another place you can cover up, NOT immediately next to your first guess. This will make it hard for you to peek at the right answer when studying your notes

What time is it when the moon is ____ and located in the ___ sky. 6am Noon 6pm midnight 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

What Moon phase rises at 6pm New 1st quarter Full 3rd quarter All of them 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

If the Moon is _____ what will it look like one week later? Waxing crescent 1st q. Waxing gibbous Full Waning gib 3rd q Waning crescent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Ranking Task Preview Exercise #4 Box A: Box C: What phase is the Moon? HINT: for B, it’s a new Moon. Which direction is the Moon? What time is it? Box C: What phase is the Moon? Which direction is the Moon? (NOT West!)

What time is it when the moon is ____ and located in the ___ sky. 3am 9am 3pm 9pm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Which one would appear closer to the Sun? 1. Some pictures FIX THIS SLIDE Picture Choice 3 Picture Choice 4 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

What time is it when the Moon is _____ and in the ____ Midnight 3am 6am 9am Noon 3pm 6pm 9pm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Where is the ____ moon at ____? East South West North (below ground) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Can you see a waxing crescent during daytime? Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Can planets show phases? Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Could the first quarter Saturn picture in this classroom be taken from Earth? Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Learning Objectives What are the names of the Moon’s phases? Match names with pictures What causes these phases? FOCUS OF THIS LESSON: Telling time & direction from the appearance of the Moon. What causes eclipses? What does the Moon (and Earth) look like during eclipses? Are there phases on other worlds?