3/404 Introduction: Results: Aim: Methods: Discussion: Reference: Title: The effects of breakfast and breakfast composition on cognition in children and adolescents: A systematic review Authors: Katie Adolphus, Clare L. Lawton, Claire L Champ, Louise Dye Workcenter: Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds Introduction: Breakfast has been suggested to positively affect learning in children. However, breakfast is the most frequently skipped meal. A systematic review of the evidence was conducted to get the latest status. Results: 45 published studies 34 acute intervention studies 19 breakfast (BF) vs. no BF 10 BF composition 5 both 11 chronic intervention studies All school breakfast program (SBP) vs. no SBP Results: Acute effects of BF vs. no BF: Overall advantage of breakfast vs. no breakfast Transient beneficial effect on cognitive function Post-ingestion effects +10 to +210 min Range of energy loads & foods (95 – 590 Kcal) Enhancement and maintenance of performance Effects more apparent in undernourished children Domain specific effects Attention, executive function, and memory Results: Acute effects of BF type: Inconclusive Comparisons: differing GI/GL, energy, high CHO vs. high Protein Few studies and inconsistent findings Results: Chronic effects of SBPs Limited effects on cognitive outcomes Unclear if effects are related to breakfast or the SBP regimen. Not a true test of breakfast per se. Results: Quality assessment: Best evidence: Acute effects of BF vs. no BF Quality, consistency, quantity, clinical impact = Fair Generalisability = Limited Aim: To systematically review the evidence from intervention studies for the effects of breakfast on cognitive performance in children and adolescents Methods: Search strategy: Databases searched: Ovid MEDLINE(R), PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Table 1: Search statements Inclusion criteria: Human intervention studies that objectively measured cognitive performance in both children and adolescents were included. Study selection process: Figure 1: PRISMA flow diagram Quality assessment: Graded the strength of evidence: Quality, consistency, quantity, clinical impact, generalisability. Breakfast Cognitive outcomes Sample ‘breakfast’ OR ‘breakfast program’ OR ‘morning meal’ OR ‘first meal’ AND ‘cogniti*’ OR ‘memory’ OR ‘attention’ OR ‘visual-spatial’ OR ‘visuo-spatial’ OR ‘recall’ OR ‘recognition’ OR ‘problem solving’ OR ‘reaction time’ OR ‘vigilance’ OR ‘executive function’ OR ‘reasoning’ OR ‘psychomotor’ AND ‘child*’ OR ‘adolescent*’ Discussion: Breakfast consumption compared to breakfast skipping has a positive effect on cognitive function in children and adolescents. These effects could have wider impact for learning in the classroom and for educational achievement.