Presented By: Rahul Sharma

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Presentation transcript:

Presented By: Rahul Sharma

What is Thermodynamics HEAT MOTION .......The branch of science that deals with transfer of heat and work (ENERGY) on a system.

Examples of Thermodynamics

Universe = System + Surrounding Some Terminologies Thermodynamic system A specified collection of matter is called a system, which is defined by the mass and the composition. Surrounding the rest of the universe except system System Boundary: The walls of the system is called system boundary Universe = System + Surrounding

TYPES OF SYSTEM

Examples of different SYSTEMS

Thermodynamic Equilibrium A system is in Thermodynamic Equilibrium if it is in… THERMAL EQUILLIRIUM (Equality of Temperature) MECHANICAL EQUILLIBRIUM (Equality of Forces) CHEMICAL EQUILLIRIUM (Equality of Chemical Potential)

Thermodynamic State, Process & Cycle Thermodynamic State: Any point at which all the thermodynamic properties of a system can be known. Thermodynamic Process: Any change that a system undergoes from one state to another state (or the path traced by successive states). Thermodynamic Cycle: When the initial and final state of a system is same it is called a cycle. 1 & 2 are States 1-2 (path A)& 2-1 (path B) are Process 1-A-2-B-1 is Cycle

Laws of Thermodynamics Zeroth’s Law of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of thermodynamics Third Law of Thermodynamics

Zeroth’s Law Thermodynamics

Application of Zeroth’s Law

First Law of Thermodynamics Heat and Mechanical Work are Mutually Convertible 2 2 dQ = dW 1 1 Law of Conservation of Energy

Application of First Law Turbines Boilers Heat Exchanger Internal Combustion Engines Steam Engines

Limitations of First Law 1. Heat and Work are not totally convertible 2. It does not show the direction of heat flow.

Perpetual Motion Machine of First Kind (PMM-I) Second Law of Thermodynamics 1. Kelvin-Plank’s Statement: It states that “It is impossible to construct an engine which works on a cyclic process that can convert the total amount of heat into equivalent amount of work from a single thermal reservoir”. Hot Reservoir Heat reservoir Heat Q1 Heat Q Work (W=Q) Work (W=Q1-Q2) 100% Cyclic engine Cyclic engine Not possible Heat Q2 Cold Reservoir  Perpetual Motion Machine of First Kind (PMM-I)  * These ‘engines’ which use heat and try to produce work are called heat engines.

Second Law of Thermodynamics.....................Cont. 2. Clausius Statement: It states that “It is impossible for a self acting machine to transfer heat from a low temperature body to a high temperature body without the aid of an external agency”. Heat Reservoir (T1) Heat Reservoir (T1) Q1=W+Q2 Q Machine Work (W) Machine Q2 Q Cold Reservoir (T2) Cold Reservoir (T2)  Perpetual Motion Machine of First Kind (PMM-II) 