Bell Ringer What is the Columbian Exchange? Where does it get its name from? How significant has it been in shaping the world today?

Gold, God, Glory Caravel Astrolabe Henry the Navigator Vasco Da Gama Christopher Columbus Treaty of Tordesillas Amerigo Vespucci Ferdinand Magellan Conquistador Hernan Cortes Francisco Pizarro Disease Colonies Columbian Exchange Northwest Passage Circumnavigate

Spanish Colonial America Essential Question: How did Spanish conquest create a new social structure in the Americas?

Mercantilism Economic principle that argued: the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver Money = Power Export(sell) more than import(buy) Colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country

Encomienda System Spanish landowners had the right, as granted by the monarch, to use Native Americans as laborers (forced labor) Mita Labor system used in the Spanish in Peru that allowed them to draft native people to work Who else used this system in Peru?

Because many natives died due to disease and overwork there was a need for another system or source of labor.

The Atlantic Slave Trade To fill need for labor Europeans bought slaves from African trade kingdoms Middle passage - the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas Estimated 11 million enslaved Africans crossed the middle passage Many, many more died.

Effects of the Slave Trade Increased warfare in Africa Depopulated many regions Slave trade not abolished until the 19th century

Social Structure of Spanish America Worth was determined by European blood Peninsulares – lived in the Americas, born in Europe Held the highest status Creoles – descendant of Europeans, born in Americas Jealous of the power of the peninsulares Mestizos – mix of European and Native parents Mulattoes – mix of European and African parents

Essential Question How did Spanish conquest create a new social structure in the Americas?

Review Labor system established by the Inca but eventually used by the Spanish in order to force the natives to work.

Review Part of the social structure of Spanish Colonial America defined by people with mixed blood (Spanish and Native)

Review The specific part of the new global trade network that saw the shipment of millions of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean.

Review Economic ideology that dictated a country’s power was determined by its gold and silver.

Diary Entry – Middle Passage Write a diary entry from the perspective of an enslaved African Entry 1 – Capture Entry 2 – Journey on the Middle Passage Entry 3 – Arrival / Conditions in the Americas