James Playford Series Editor: Louise T Davies Technical drawing

Lesson objectives/aims Understand the production and use of detailed technical drawings. Demonstrate a knowledge of: - scale drawings - plans and maps - schematic maps - self-assembly drawings - sectional drawings - exploded drawings. © Folens 2009

Learning ladder By the end of the lesson: You must: be able to interpret a range of technical drawings be able to interpret plans and maps. You should: be able to produce a range of technical drawings be able to produce plans and maps. You could: produce exploded drawings using ICT. © Folens 2009

Introduction As a Graphic Products student you will need to understand how to communicate complex, technical information in an organized and effective way. As a design student you are in an unusual situation: you design and make your product. In most industrial and commercial situations a designer will design and a production engineer will make. Designers and engineers have their own language and you need to learn to speak it. © Folens 2009

Detailed technical drawing techniques You need to be aware of three types of detailed technical drawings: Sectional Self-assembly Exploded © Folens 2009

Learning task: self-assembly drawings Self-assembly means that a product is not completely assembled at the factory. The end user will need to complete the final assembly. Name three items you have assembled yourself. Did you get? food toys furniture computer systems camping equipment?

Self-assembly products Self-assembly techniques are employed by manufacturers to reduce shipping costs. If an item can be packed in a smaller box you can fit more boxes in a crate, which will make it less expensive to ship. © Folens 2009

Task 1 Self-assembly drawings need to clearly communicate the sequence that the product will be assembled in, including details of which components and fixings are to be used for each stage. Task: In small groups prepare a self-assembly instruction for this unit in the minimum number of drawings. © Folens 2009

Task 2 It is often necessary to communicate concepts in a non-linguistic way: without words. Why is it in a manufacturer’s benefit to produce non-linguistic instruction sheets? Task: In groups you will be assigned a word or phrase. You will need to design a diagram that takes the place of the word. The simpler the better. Hammer Rotate Bolt Place upside down Glue Mark the position © Folens 2009

Sectional drawings Sectional drawings are often known as cut away drawings. They allow hidden details of a product to be seen in great detail. They are especially useful for complex products where internal parts are hidden from view. © Folens 2009

Learning task: sectional drawings Which parts of this product would not be visible with a non-sectional drawing? © Folens 2009

Task 3 Your teacher will provide you with a cut open object for you to draw in section. Here is an example: © Folens 2009

Exploded drawings Exploded drawings are another powerful method of communicating information about a product. In an exploded drawing the individual components are moved apart to allow hidden details, including joining techniques, to be seen. Which parts of this product would not be visible with a non-sectional drawing? © Folens 2009

Task 4 We are going to use our old friend the bookshelf again for this task. The shelves are joined to the sides with two wooden dowels at each end. Complete an exploded drawing of the bookshelf complete with dowels. © Folens 2009

Task 5 (1) What is this a drawing of? © Folens 2009

Task 5 (2) … and this? © Folens 2009

Learning task: scale drawings (1) Why was the first obvious and the second much harder to see? How can we draw large objects like oil rigs, buildings and aeroplanes when they are too large for the paper we have available? The first one fitted on the screen, the second was too large and only a small part was visible. © Folens 2009

Learning task: scale drawings (2) The simple answer is just to draw small pictures of large objects, or large pictures of small objects. As designers we need to work accurately and ensure the correct and true proportions. Correct proportions give an accurate and professional appearance Incorrect proportions look unprofessional and inaccurate © Folens 2009

Learning task: scale drawings (3) We need to inform the people, viewing the drawing, of the scale we are using. This is expressed as a ratio, for example 2:1 or 1:30. What is the correct ratio for these images? 2:1 © Folens 2009

Plans (1) In 3D Plans allow us to represent complex 3D objects such as buildings in a very simple ‘bird’s eye’ fashion. Plan © Folens 2009

Plans (2) Plans are widely used in the construction of large products such as buildings or ships. © Folens 2009

Task 6 Draw a plan of this children’s play area. © Folens 2009

Maps Maps are used to represent physical areas in a plan view. There are many styles of maps, including Ordnance Survey, road and stylized. Which style is this map? Answer: Stylized © Folens 2009

Schematic maps The first popularized schematic map was produced for the London Underground by Harry Beck in 1934. © Folens 2009

Task 7 Choose one of the following situations and produce a schematic map: The emergency exits need to be labelled on one of your school buildings. Use colours to demonstrate the evacuation from different zones. Note your movement around school during the day. Use colours to represent movement between different lessons. A new underground system or monorail in your home town has been built. Use colours for different lines. © Folens 2009

Plenary Why do manufacturers produce self-assembly products? What advantages are there to non-language based instructions? What is the function of sectional drawings? Give an example of a component that will be made visible in a sectional drawing. What are exploded drawings? How do sectional and exploded drawings differ? How does a scale drawing differ from a picture? What are the key differences between a representational map and a schematic map? © Folens 2009

Extension Investigate the production of exploded drawings using computer based virtual modelling software. Produce a rendered exploded drawing in a virtual modelling software you are familiar with. © Folens 2009

Homework preparation Rate your understanding of the topics listed below on a scale of 1to5 (1 being low). self-assembly sectional exploded plans schematic map. © Folens 2009

Homework Based on your self-evaluation choose the drawing style you feel least comfortable with and complete the associated task for homework. Self-assembly: Complete a self-assembly instruction for a clock. Sectional: Complete a sectional drawing of a torch. Exploded: Complete an exploded drawing of a flask. Plans: Complete a plan of your school grounds. Schematic map: Complete a schematic map of a local one-way road system. © Folens 2009