Cell Respiration animation overview

1) Cell respiration The process of using oxygen to release usable energy (ATP) from sugar

2) Cell Respiration Reaction: Sugar + oxygen  Carbon dioxide + water + ATP C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H20+ Energy (ATP)

3) Photosynthesis is the opposite of cell respiration (except energy type) In Chloroplasts CO2 + H2O + SUN  Sugar + O2 Respiration In Mitochondria Sugar + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP

4) Cell Respiration occurs in both plants and animals

Cell respiration starts with the respiratory system Breathing –everyone does it!

5) Respiratory system Brings Oxygen in Brings CO2 out How does the Oxygen change to CO2 ?? Video demo with quiz

6) In the alveoli of the lungs, Oxygen diffuses into the capillaries and CO2 diffuses out

7) The circulatory system brings the oxygen in blood to the cells

8) Blood pathway to cells Lungs  pulmonary artery  heart  arteries  capillaries

9) In the cells In the capillaries in the body tissues: Greater O2 in blood diffuses into cells and Greater CO2 in cells diffuses out

The circulatory system also brings Sugar (glucose) to the cells

10) Cell Respiration The complex process of cells “burning” sugar (glucose) with oxygen to form usable energy called ATP

11) The 2 types of cell respiration Aerobic – “air” Anaerobic – “NO Air”

12) Aerobic cell respiration The “Usual” process of respiration. Occurs in the mitochondria Aerobic means “with air” Occurs with oxygen - Produces up to 36 ATP per glucose

13) Anaerobic respiration Occurs without oxygen Produces only 2 ATP per glucose Fermentation is an anaerobic process

14) Fermentation WRITE IN Yeast and bacteria obtain energy through anaerobic respiration Fermentation forms Alcohol, Vinegar and Lactic acid

15) Cheese Cheese is made by fermentation. Hand made cheese 7 min How its made: cheese 4 min http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/ 13 minutes

16) Bacteria can only use fermentation Because Prokaryotes have NO Membrane organelles  so No mitochondria

17) Lactic acid can form from over exercise or lack of training Not enough oxygen can cause painful lactic acid build up in muscles

18) Mitochondria the organelle where Aerobic respiration occurs Prokaryotes have no mitochondria so they can only perform anaerobic respiration

19) 3 Stages of Cell Respiration: A) Glycolysis B) Krebs cycle C) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

20) Glycolysis Means sugar / Breaks Occurs in the cytoplasm Glucose breaks into 2 pyruvate molecules Forms 2 ATP and 2 NADH Over view C-C-C-C-C-C  C-C-C + C-C-C + 2 ATP + 2 NADH

21) Glycolysis NET ENERGY 2 ATP must be used to initiate glycolysis. Glycolysis produces 4 ATP NET gain is 2 ATP

22) Two Paths after glycolysis Oxygen present Has mitochondria No Oxygen, No Mitochondria Enter Mitochondria Ferment in cytoplasm

23) Start Respiration Enter Mitochondria Pyruvate is transported into mitochondria and becomes acetyl CoA Oxygen is Now needed for aerobic respiration

24) Krebs Cycle Occurs in Matrix of mitochondria Pyruvate is broken into C02 molecules PURPOSE:  Form ATP and electron carriers ( NADH and FADH2 )

25) Krebs Cycle – Goes around TWICE TOTAL Products From 1 glucose 6 C02 2 ATP Electron carriers 8 NADH 2 FADH2 NADH and FADH2 Must now be changed into ATP

26) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Occurs in the inner Mitochondria membrane Purpose - Make ATP from NADH and FADH2 as electrons go through the ETC

27) ETC electron flow a) NADH and FADH2 lose H+ and electrons b) Electrons flow through ETC c) Oxygen accepts electrons forming water with the H+

28) Net ATP from aerobic respiration 2 ATP from glycolysis 2 ATP from Krebs Rest of ATP from ETC Each NADH = 3 ATP Each FADH = 2 ATP TOTAL = 36 ATP

QUIZ What are the 3 stages of cell respiration? And their main purpose? 1) Glycolysis Purpose – Split glucose, form 2 ATP 2 NADH 2) Krebs Cycle Purpose – Form CO2, form NADH, FADH2 +ATP 3) Electron transport chain Purpose – Use NADH + FADH2 and O2 to form ATP + H2O