Earthquakes and Earth’s Dynamic Crust

Original Horizontality (law of superposition): Assumption that sedimentary/igneous rocks form in horizontal layers

Folded: Layers are bent/curved Deformity Folded: Layers are bent/curved

Deformity Faulted: Offset or displaced along a crack (fault line)

Deformity Tilting

Layer H - IGNEOUS INTRUSION A mass of igneous rock formed when molten rock (magma) squeezes or melts into pre-existing rocks and crystallizes

Which rock layer is youngest? Which rock layer is oldest?

Write the order of the correct sequence of layers from oldest to youngest

Earthquakes Natural rapid shaking of the lithosphere caused by a release of energy

Earthquakes Most earthquakes are caused by the movement along fault lines (plate boundaries)

What is a plate boundary? Area where two sections of the lithosphere are slowly moving and interacting

Oceanic Plate Dense lithospheric plate located at the bottom of the ocean

Continental Plate Lithospheric plate forming large landmasses (not as dense as oceanic crust)

Convergent Plate Boundary Continental plate and Oceanic Plate pushing towards each other **Creates a subduction zone**

Subduction Zone Area where a DENSER oceanic plate, moves underneath the continental plate

Convergent Plate Boundary Continental plate and Continental plate pushing towards each other **Can create mountains**

Divergent Plate Boundary Located where 2 tectonic plates are moving away from each other

Famous Divergent Plate Boundary Mid-Atlantic Ridge (or MOR, Mid-Ocean Ridge) Longest mountain range in the world

Transform Plate Boundary Two plates SLIDE past one another

Famous Transform Plate Boundary

During an earthquake, potential energy Earthquakes During an earthquake, potential energy stored in the rocks is given off as seismic waves (p-waves and s-waves)