Living Things Chapter 2

How do we know something is living? Section 1

The Characteristics of Living Things Nutrition taking in of materials which provide energy needed for growth gas exchange occurs differently at various levels of life organization excretion removal of waste produced by other life processes growth and repair Response reaction to changes in the environment, may include movement Reproduction producing offspring to perpetuate the species

How do we know something is living? We know something is living if it carries out the processes of gas exchange, reproduction, excretion, growth and repair, response, and nutrition.

What do living things need? Section 1

The Needs of Living Things Water Food Autotrophs Use the food they make to carry out their own life functions Heterotrophs Obtain their energy by feeding from others. Living Space Stable Internal Conditions Homeostasis The maintenance of stable internal conditions

What do living things need? Living things need water, food, living space, and stable internal conditions.

Why do scientists classify organisms? Section 2

Classification Classification is the process of grouping things based on their similarities. Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.

Why do scientists classify organisms? Scientists classify organisms into groups that allow them to study the organisms more easily.

How are organisms classified? Section 2

Linne’s System of Classification Organisms are named using binomial nomenclature or two names. These two names are the genus and the species of classification.

Levels of Classification Domain Kingdom Phyla Class Order Family Genus Species

How are organisms classified? Organisms are classified using Linne’s system of classification. Linne’s system outlines levels of classification from the domain to the genus and species. The genus and species are used as the organism’s name. We call this double name binomial nomenclature.

What are cells? Section 3

An Overview of Cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. Structure is what something is made of and how its parts are put together. Functions are processes.

What are cells? Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. They form the way an organism is put together and enable the organism to perform life processes.

What does the cell theory state? Section 3

Development of Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. All cells are produced from other cells.

What does the cell theory state? Cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, they provide the function and structure of living things, and all cells are produced from other cells.

What does a cell look like inside? Section 4

Inside the Cell Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Nuclear envelope Chromatin nucleolus Organelles in the Cytoplasm Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Golgi bodies Chloroplasts Vacuoles Lysosomes

What does a cell look like inside? Animal and plant cells are different but cells usually contain a cell wall or cell membrane, nucleus, and organelles.