What exactly went on in the British colonies in the New World from the arrival of the Puritans in New England (1620) and the start of the American Revolution (1750’s)?

Proprietary Colonies (1660’s-1680’s) Tracts of land given as gifts by the King of England to loyal supporters Carolinas, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York) These colonies were ruled in the way in which their owners wanted as long as they followed basic English Common Law. All were ruled different and developed distinct societies. Pennsylvania: Founded by (Quaker) William Penn: -Promoted religious toleration by not allowing a state sponsored church -Believed all men AND women (allowed to preach) could possibly enter heaven -Filled with yeomen farmers from England and Germany (recruitment flyers) -Had a reputation as a tolerant, diverse, pacifist region

South Atlantic System

Navigation Acts (1650’s-1750’s) Mercantilism: Economic System where the government heavily regulates trade and intervenes in economic policy to benefit the State and acquire wealth. Usually driven by competition for Empire. Navigation Acts are a series of laws restricting colonial trade. Example of the British Mercantilism/trying to protect the vast trade wealth being generated. They will back these laws with military force Colonists can only trade with the English. No more trading with the French and Dutch Goods must be carried on English ships with English crews and use English ports These laws were widely ignore by colonists and smuggling was common.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dmhAPsDcSs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfw9mLjh7YM

What terms stood out to you during the clip? -Make a list of at least five terms What does the clip help you understand about the South Atlantic System? Explain how the South Atlantic System impacted Europe, Africa, and the New World

Dominion of New England Up until the 1670’s, The Massachusetts Bay Colony (A big chunk of New England) is run like a Puritan Domain and is not tightly controlled by England. After continuously violating the Navigation Acts, the British Gov. revokes their charter to operate. King James II in England is already super anti-Puritan, and he wants to punish them. His Gov. revokes all charters in New England merges all New England colonies (Connecticut, Rhode Island, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, and parts of New York and New Jersey) into one called the Dominion of New England. Legislative assemblies and town meetings are abolished or highly restricted Land titles became invalid (how do you think that makes property owners feel?)

Glorious Revolution In short, the take-over of the British Monarchy by Protestants. (William and Mary) In the British North American colonies, it sets off a wave of Protestant rebellions against the Dominion Of New England. (Leisler’s Rebellion) Royal Gov. Andros in Boston is arrested and shipped back to England and the Dominion of New England is broken up. The Puritan Hierarchy is NOT restored, and these New England colonies will now be ruled as Royal Colonies with Governors and Officials appointed by the British Gov. New England will never be the same, but people’s rights are not restricted like they are under the Dominion of New England any more and the region becomes more democratic and solidly Protestant. These colonies are now ready to participate in Triangular Trade and make money for the British Crown.

Chesapeake Society 1650-1750 How does the reading “Chesapeake Society” help our understanding of the region? Demographics. How have they changed since the early 1600’s? Types of Planters: Common/Wealthy Colonial Courts, Masters, and Slavery Bacon’s Rebellion Indentured Servants to Slaves Headright system for former servants Rise of the Southern Gentry Slaves Codes/Laws

Slavery and the making of America https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRJq6UMibDA Slavery and the making of America 16:00-19:45 31:30-53:00

Northern Maritime Economies As the South Atlantic System is generating incredible amounts of commerce and profits, the major port cities in North America (Boston, Newport, Providence, Philadelphia, New York) begin to grow into highly developed and important ports. In the 1680’s, the were roughly 500 Trans-Atlantic voyages according to record. By the 1730’s there were over 1500 voyages. All of this shipping and commerce results in large amounts of population growth as well as economic growth. These port cities are usually very diverse because of the varying origins of the ships, crews, and passengers that arrive. This much commerce and shipping also creates tons of spin-off industries. All these ships need to be insured, thousands of dock workers are needed to unload them. Ships need ropes, barrels, metal fittings of all types. Warehouses and piers are needed as are hotels and saloons to accommodate sailors as well as the new population. Entire shipyards are now building ships. Over 1/3 of the British merchant fleet was built in North America

Northern Maritime Economies In addition to growth in major port cities, growth occurs in the country side to service all this increased trade. Sawmills pop up in up-river interior locations to provide lumber for the new cities. More teamsters (wagon drivers) are needed to drive crops to market. Stables and hotels spring up along country roads to service them etc. All of this wealth and population growth in cities and towns creates a small but very powerful new merchant upper class. Wealthy merchants imitate the British upper class and imitate the traditions of the English gentry. A large middle class of laborers, shopkeepers, and artisans develops and an even bigger class of poor laborers, indentured servants, and slaves exists. These cities begin to resemble major English cities more and more.