Pg. 120 RTW: What is one interesting thing you learned about Reptiles? Monday, May 8th Pg. 120 RTW: What is one interesting thing you learned about Reptiles? Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the vertebrate phyla: Reptilia. Agenda: Reptilia Foldable (1ST and 2nd PERIOD) Reptilia Presentations (3, 4, 5 periods) Final Review Packet (6, 7 periods) Pinnipedia group be ready to present Wednesday Homework: Foldable due THURSDAY Final Review Packet due THURSDAY Vertebrate Test (Based on Fish Food Quizzes) THURSDAY Mangrove Lab Report due 5/16 FINAL IN CLASS ON 5/16: STUDY

Chordate (class reptilia) Examples: Class reptilia: sea turtle, marine iguana, crocodiles, sea snakes. General Characteristics: They are ectotherms; which means “cold blooded”. Bear their young in eggs Breathe using lungs, instead of gills

Chordate (class reptilia) Diagrams: Reproduction: sexual and either lay eggs or have internal development without parental nourishment. (ovoviviparous)

Marine Reptiles phylum Chordata subphylum Vertebrata class Reptilia

Florida’s Sea Turtles

Five (5) species of marine turtles nest in Florida Kemp’s Ridley Hawksbill Loggerhead Green Leatherback

Green Sea Turtle

Green turtle It is one of the largest species: 3ft long recognized because they have one pair of scales in front of their eyes

Green Turtle Most common It’s called the green turtle because of the green color of the fat under shell, they are not actually green.

Diet consists almost exclusively on seagrasses and marine algae (Hatchlings eat plants and animals) Inhabits shallow waters and is attracted to lagoons with an abundance of grass and algae

Hawksbill

Hawksbill Turtle The beautiful shell often used for jewelry Distinctive by its hawk like beak Can reach 3 feet

Diet consists of primarily sponges Inhabits rocky areas, coral reefs, coastal areas, lagoons. Illegal trade of tortoiseshell continues

Kemp Ridley

Kemp’s Ridley

Kemp’s Ridley most endangered species, as well as the smallest: only grows to 24-28 in They are olive green in color. Mostly nest on one beach, in Rancho Nuevo, Mexico.

Carapace is almost as wide as long Diet consists mostly of crabs Females swarm to mass nesting emergences known as arribadas in the daylight.

arribadas

Leatherback

Leatherback Can dive the deepest and travel the furthest of any other turtle.

Can reach 4 to 8 feet Diet mostly jellyfish, but also sea urchins, squid, crustaceans, fish, blue-green bacteria, & floating seaweed Most pelagic of all sea turtles

Leatherbacks Instead of a solid shell they have bones in their skin that form 5 ridges.

Loggerhead

Loggerhead Turtle They can be identified by their large head, reddish brown carapace (top), and dull brown plastron (bottom).

Diet consists of mollusks, crustaceans, fish, other marine animals Widely distributed

Turtle concerns Diseases……caused by??????? Pollution Red Tide Viruses

Fibropapilloma tumors (FY bro PAP il LO ma) Causes blindness Difficulty swimming Eventual death

Locations w/ infected Turtles

Turtle concerns 2. Us (humans) Boats Shrimp Boats, TED Devices Plastics, trash Loss of habitat Turtle egg poaching Beach nourishment/dredging Beach driving

http://www.scaquarium.org/seaturtle/rescue.aspx

Interesting Facts: Archelon is the oldest known fossil at 150 MYA Interesting Facts: Archelon is the oldest known fossil at 150 MYA. Found in 1970’s in S.Dakota.

Archelon: Measured 15 ft long (from beak to tail) and 16 Archelon: Measured 15 ft long (from beak to tail) and 16.5 ft wide (including flippers and shell), weighing 4,500 lbs.

Archelon: Primarily ate giant squid.

Males are bigger than females Males tend to swim past breaks Marine Iguana (10 in- 2 ft) Widely distributed throughout Galapagos Population varies in color & size= single species Herbivores= seaweed in intertidal zone Males are bigger than females Males tend to swim past breaks Average diving depths= 1.5-5 meters

Physical & Physiological Characteristics Permit feeding Habits Marine Iguana Physical & Physiological Characteristics Permit feeding Habits -Long & sharp claws Land Iguana

Marine Iguana gripping rocks during feeding

Adapted to swim well Flattened tail for propulsion

Able to scrape algae off rocks with 3 cusped teeth- Razor Sharp!!

Sea Snakes Approx 70 species of sea snakes Almost all are venomous Different from eels Eels are fish with gills, not reptiles with lungs

American Crocodile

American Alligator

Gator vs Crocodile Overlapping Teeth

Crocodiles Have been on earth for about 100 million years Human impacts have caused population to decline Found around the tip of Florida in coastal, brackish or saltwater habitats

American Crocodile American Alligator

American Alligator Primarily freshwater swamps Adults can tolerate saltwater for only short periods of time Lack salt secreting glands found in crocodiles Hatchlings receive parental care from mother staying with her for up to a year Florida Red-bellied turtles tend to lay their eggs in an alligator nest

Baby turtles!

Pg. 120 What is one fact you already know about a marine mammal? Tuesday, May 9th Pg. 120 What is one fact you already know about a marine mammal? Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the vertebrate phyla: Mammalia Agenda: Mammalia Foldable Pinnipedia group be ready to present tomorrow! Homework: Foldable due THURSDAY Final Review Packet due THURSDAY Vertebrate Test (Based on Fish Food Quizzes) THURSDAY Mangrove Lab Report due 5/16 FINAL IN CLASS ON 5/16: STUDY

Chordate (class Mammalia: marine mammals) Examples: Order Cetacea: whales, dolphins, porpoises Order Sirenia: manatees, dugongs Order Carnivora: sea otters, polar bears Order Pinnepedia: seals, sea lions Characteristics: 5 mammal characteristics: hair, live young, produce milk, breathe air, endothermic Adapted for swimming Cetaceans use echolocation to navigate

Chordate (class mammalia) Diagram: Reproduction: sexual, live birth with placenta attached to mom. Mothers produce milk to feed young.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Marine Mammals

Characteristics Mammals went from land to sea 50 million years ago. Their bodies have adapted to swimming and diving rather than running/jumping on land Only produce a few well cared for young Mammals are Air breathing Live birth, embryo receives nutrients through placenta Warm blooded Have mammary glands produce milk for young Have hair at some point in their lives

Class Mammalia order Pinnipedia (Seals, Sea Lions & Walruses) order Carnivora (Sea Otters) order Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins & Porpoises) order Sirenia (Manatees & Dugongs)

Pinnipeds Seals Sea Lions Major differences: Sea Lions can move back flipper forward Sea Lions have external ears Sea Lions males have external testicles Sea Lions lack toes w/ claws Sea Lions

Walruses

Exception: Monk Seals Pinnipeds usually live in cold water Have a thick layer of blubber for insulation, food reserve & buoyancy Bristly hair & large size conserve body heat (less surface area) Exception: Monk Seals These seals live in warm climates Two species are rare: Mediterranean & Hawaiian One species is extinct, last seen in 1952: Caribbean Seals hunted for skin, meat & oil

c. 1910 Caribbean Monk Seal Last seen In 1952

Sirenians Closest relatives to manatees & dugongs are elephants The only true vegetarians among marine mammals The extinct Steller’s sea cow was the largest @ 25-30 feet Sirenians Steller’s Sea Cow

Dugong

class Mammalia order Pinnipedia (Seals, Sea Lions & Walruses) order Carnivora (Sea Otters) order Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins & Porpoises) order Sirenia (Manatees & Dugongs)

Breathing Blowhole takes air to lungs Toothed whales have 1 nostril Baleen whales have 2 nostrils

Swimming Large body size- streamline shapes Tail flukes and hind flippers propel them through water

Blubber Mammals are endothermic (warm blooded) Blubber- used to keep them warm Over 60cm thick, traps heat.

Communication & Echolocation Well developed brains, very intelligent Communicates using clicks & sounds through the melon. Use the reflected sound to determine size, shape and density. Songs produced by the Beluga & Humpback whales

Comparison of Vertebrate Brains- Brain is larger in relation to body size & more complex compared to other vertebrates This allows more storage & processing of information

Only marine member of the order Carnivora (exception- Polar bear) Lacks a layer of blubber, has dense fur for insulation Almost killed to extinction in 1911

Cetaceans (Cetus: greek for whale) River Dolphin Cetaceans (Cetus: greek for whale) Largest group (90 species) Experienced complete transition to aquatic life Breathe through one single or double blowhole http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/dolphins-and-porpoises/dolphin-pink-river.html All marine except a few species of dolphins Cetaceans divided into 2 groups: Toothless, filter feeding Toothed, carnivorous

Suborder: Mysticeti (Baleen whales) Toothless Whales- have two blowholes Baleen is rows of flexible, fibrous plates that hang from the upper jaws. Made of keratin (similar to hair & nails) Hanging from the plates are bristles that overlap and form a dense mat This filters out the food from the water that the whale takes in 13 species- Blue whale is largest (M-80ft/ F-110ft) Baleen used for boning in corsets

Rorquals Whales that have an expanding throat (accordion like) Ex. blue whale, fin whale, minke whale, & humpback whale Blue Whale

http://www. ecokids. ca/pub/eco_info/topics/whales/habitat_degradation http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/whales/habitat_degradation.cfm

Suborder: Odontoceti, (toothed whales) Most are dolphins & porpoises Largest toothed whale is the sperm whale-Now the most numerous Pressures from whaling, drowning in nets are impacting all populations

Large whales will have a visible spout when they blow air out of blowhole This is the condensation of their warm breath hitting the cooler air The height & angle can help ID a whale at a distance (Blue Whale- 20-40 ft high) Humpback Whale spout http://www.salariya.com/web_books/whaling/blows/spouts.html

No RTW: Pinnipedia group be ready to present when the bell rings! Wednesday, May 10th No RTW: Pinnipedia group be ready to present when the bell rings! Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Mammalia. Agenda: Pinnipedia Presentation Homework: Foldable due TOMORROW Final Review Packet due TOMORROW Vertebrate Test (Based on Fish Food Quizzes) TOMORROW Mangrove Lab Report due 5/16 FINAL IN CLASS ON 5/16: STUDY

NO RTW: STUDY FOR THE VERTEBRATE TEST AND CLEAR YOUR DESK Thursday, May 11th NO RTW: STUDY FOR THE VERTEBRATE TEST AND CLEAR YOUR DESK Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the vertebrate phylums Agenda: Vertebrate Test Grade review packet Grade Foldable Homework: Mangrove Lab Report due 5/16 FINAL IN CLASS ON 5/16: STUDY

Work on… Foldable Final Review Packet **I’ll come around and check them, if you don’t have it complete when I come around, bring it to my desk when you’re done. DUE AT END OF PERIOD!

No RTW: Cetacea group be ready to present when the bell rings! Friday, May 12th No RTW: Cetacea group be ready to present when the bell rings! Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the vertebrate phyla: Mammalia. Agenda: Cetacea Fish Food Presentation Homework: Mangrove Lab Report due 5/16 FINAL IN CLASS ON 5/16: STUDY