Warmup Describe what you already know about how a plant and animal each get the energy they need to live and grow. Be as specific as you can.

Cell Metabolisms SEPTEMBER 21, 2010

Notes Preview Metabolisms Autotroph Photosynthesis Extremophylic Heterotroph Respiration Fermentation Methanogenic

Metabolism Metabolism - The generation or consumption of energy for biological use. Autotroph - The organism generates its own food and energy. Heterotroph – The organism eats other organisms.

Metabolism Types Photosynthesis (there is more than one variety of this) Extremophylic (high-temperature sulfur eaters) Respiration (sugar eaters w/ oxygen, also called aerobic) Fermentation (sugar eaters w/t oxygen, also called anaerobic) Methanogenic (methane eaters)

Photosynthesis Plants need to conserve their water, yet exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. 6H20 + 6CO2 -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 They have pores called stomata on the underside of the leaf. The protective waxy covering along the outside is called the cuticle, which keeps water from escaping. The arrangement of cells designed to absorb sunlight with pigments and chloroplasts is called the palisade layer.

Respiration With 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6H20 + 6CO2 The organism needs to exchange oxygen (in) and carbon dioxide (out) with its environment via diffusion. Bigger animals have things like lungs or gills. Smaller animals (insect sized) use pores in their skin. Microscopic organisms breathe directly through their cell membranes. Respiration is very efficient and produces between 24-36 ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for every

Fermentation Fermentation burns a sugar, produces only 4 ATP’s compared to respiration’s 24-36; it’s not very efficient! Instead of carbon dioxide and water, fermentation’s byproducts can include: alcohol lactic acid