Revolution: Things Start to Change Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution: challenge previous ideas -1500+ stays the same 1492: Columbus sails 1517: Reformation begins 1543: Copernicus and the heliocentric theory 1610-1632: Galileo writes 1600s: Scientific Method 1687: Newton Late 1600s on: Scientific Thought Galileo Scientific Method: empiricism, get evidence before making theories Newton
Martin Luther and the Reformation 95 Theses 1517: Reformation begins
Geocentric Theory 1543: Copernicus and the heliocentric theory Heliocentric Theory
1600s: Scientific Method 1687: Newton Empiricism
Revolution: Things Start to Change Enlightenment: take Sci. Rev. ideas and apply them to everything Wollstonecraft Enlightenment 1637: Descartes “I think, therefore I am” 1651: Hobbes and Leviathan (social contract) 1690: Locke and Natural Rights 1700s: Philosophes and Voltaire 1748: Montesquieu and Separation of Powers 1762: Rousseau and Freedom (social contract) 1764: Beccaria and Justice 1792: Wollstonecraft and Rights for Women 1700s and on: Belief in individual and liberty Montesquieu
1651: Hobbes and Leviathan (social contract) 1690: Locke and Natural Rights Hobbes: Life is Nasty, Brutish and Short Locke: Natural Rights
Voltaire and Montesquieu Voltaire and satire Montesquieu and power-checking
Rousseau and Beccaria Rousseau and freedom (Social Contract) Beccaria and Justice
Wollstonecraft Why the sexism?
The Overall Effect? Educated, and economically powerful, people start to question why others are “better” than them The idea that the “people” are sovereign. And government should be theirs. Revolution!