Unit 3 Table of Contents: The 13 Colonies Item/Description Page # 1. Unit 3 Bellwork 1-2 2. Unit 3 Vocabulary 3 3. Notes: The Beginning of the 13 Colonies 4-5 4. Roanoke Theory Handout 6 5. Notes: Jamestown 7-9 6. Indentured Servant Contract 10 7. 13 Colonies Map 11 8. Jamestown Article 12 9. Notes: New England Colonies 13-14 10. The Mayflower Compact Handout 15 11. Notes: Middle Colonies 16-17

Item/Description Page # 12. Notes: Southern Colonies 18 13. Comparing and Contrasting the 13 Colonies Handout 19 14. Notes: The Carolina Colony 20-22 15. The Second Carolina Charter Handout 23 16. Notes: Colonial Government 24-26 17. Fundamental Constitution of Carolina 27 18. Notes: Changing to a Royal Colony 28-30 19. Royal Government Chart and Questions 31 20. Notes: The Regulator Movement 32-33 21. SC Townships Map 34 22. Regulator Movement Handout 35 23. Study Guide 36

The Beginning of the 13 Colonies This goes on p. 4-5

England’s First Attempt at Settlement Queen Elizabeth I…the “Virgin Queen”

Sends Sir Walter Raleigh to create settlement in the New World Roanoke-”The Lost Colony”

Roanoke-”The Lost Colony”

A New King Following Queen Elizabeth I’s death, she is succeeded on the throne by James I James I is very interested in expanding his empire Eager to create colonies in the New World

Problem… James I does not want the government to pay for the colonies He encourages private businesses to create colonies Ex: The London Company-this was a joint stock company

Bellwork: Monday 9/12/16 What similarities are between the American and English flag?

Bellwork: Tuesday 9/13/16 What problems did Jamestown face in its early days?

Jamestown This goes on p. 7-9

Jamestown Started in 1607 (Virginia) Got off to a slow start Many Problems: shortages of food, disease, weather issues, poor water/swampy location, too many gentleman, not enough workers, etc. Nearly failed John Smith, Native Americans,(Pocahontas)

The Headright System The London Company begins the Headright System Every “head” you brought to the colony, you received a certain amount of land Encouraged large farms or plantations

Cash Crop Tobacco (John Rolfe: milder version) King James at first discouraged tobacco- “the stinking weed” Later, he saw the tax benefits and encouraged the growth of tobacco

Indentured Servants Tobacco increases demand for labor This leads to indentured servants A person who signs a contract agreeing to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the New World

African Slaves Indentured Servants cannot provide enough labor to satisfy the demands of the tobacco plantations Need a new source of labor Started to import African slaves

House of Burgesses London Company encourages the establishment of the House of Burgesses in 1619 Designed to give the settlers a voice in the governance of the colony Although not completely democratic, this assembly kept the English political traditions established with the Magna Carta

House of Burgesses

Magna Carta The Great Charter One of the first documents to protect the rights of freed individuals Forced the king to obey laws and to consult others before raising taxes

The Virginia Colony Jamestown grew into the colony of Virginia and established the pattern for the southern colonies Cash crops, big farms or plantations, lots of labor (slaves), entirely agricultural

Bellwork: Wednesday 9/14/16 In your own words, explain what the House of Burgesses was

The New England Colonies This goes on p. 13-14

The New England Colonies Founded for religious reasons mostly by groups persecuted in England Puritans, Separatists, Pilgrims (all the same people) land at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts (1620) Mayflower Compact: American democracy, the idea that people formed the government

The Pilgrims Survive Received help from the Native Americans A much larger group of Puritans landed at Massachusetts Bay The Pilgrims established a democratic form of government

The Pilgrims

Pilgrim’s Government All male church members could vote Town Meetings and General Assemblies

Pilgrim’s Way of Life The Pilgrims harvested lumber, built ships, engaged in trade and in manufacturing They established schools (kids-Bible) People who didn’t agree were exiled (Dissenters) The ideas of the Pilgrims spread across New England

New England Colonies…Bottom Line Religious Similarity, Thriving Economy based on Trade and a Democratic Government

Bellwork: Thursday 9/15/16 How did the New England colonies feel about religious diversity?

The Middle Colonies This goes on p. 16-17

The Middle Colonies “The Bread Colonies” Diverse origins of settlers (Dutch: New York, Swedes: Delaware, Quakers: Pennsylvania) Pennsylvania: William Penn granted land from King for payment of debt. Penn had the rights of a proprietor and could name the governor Pennsylvania had a representative assembly as did the other colonies in the region (Middle Colonies)

MMMMM…..Bread!

Good relations with Native Americans Promoted religious tolerance…more so than the strict New England colonies

Bottom Line….The Middle Colonies Bread colonies (grow food crops and raise animals), greatest diversity of people and religions Some skilled craftsman and some trade

The Southern Colonies This goes on p. 18

The Southern Colonies Entirely agricultural Large slave population Small number of wealthy landowners

Bellwork: Monday 9/19/16 New England Middle Southern Match the colonies with the correct colonial regions ____ 1. Delaware ____ 2. Georgia ____ 3. Massachusetts ____ 4. Maryland ____ 5. New York New England Middle Southern

Bellwork: Tuesday 9/20/16 Write a question in which the answer would be: The Headright System

The Carolina Colony This goes on p. 20-22

The Carolina Colony Founded as a proprietary colony King Charles II granted land to 8 proprietors in payment of a debt (just like with Pennsylvania) Proprietors hope to make a profit by charging quitrents Hired John Locke to write the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina Includes policy for religious toleration-to attract settlers Included a policy for a social class system based on land ownership…this policy was never carried out but showed a difference between the southern and New England colonies which emphasized equality

The Headright System Every “head” you brought to the colony, you received a certain amount of land More people= More land Led to the establishment of large plantations with cash crops

First Settlers in Carolina British from Barbados Brought a well-developed slave system with them Settlers from other European nations (France, Switzerland, Germany, Scotland and Ireland) were at the settlement Diverse religious backgrounds (Protestants, Huguenots, Jewish)

Government At first the Lords Proprietors controlled the government through a governor and a grand council Grand Council = Representatives of the Proprietors + Carolina Elite + Representatives of the Common People of the Colony Just as with the other colonies, Carolina had some degree of democracy from the beginning

Bellwork: Wednesday 9/21/16 Who owned the Carolina colony? Bonus: Name as many of them as you can

Colonial Government This goes on p. 24-26

8-1.6: Colonial Government SC starts as a proprietary colony Proprietors in charge, represented by a governor

In order to attract more settlers, the proprietors started to share some of their power with property owners A political elite developed The more land you own = the power you got The most powerful people in SC were the large landowners (Plantations)

The Grand Council Made laws (including tax laws) for the colony Bicameral (two houses) assembly…most English colonies had this

The Proprietors and the elite had more representation (power) in government than the common people The Grand Council decided that a majority of each group (the Proprietors, Elite and Common People) should have an equal say in the government

Problem….. Each group did not represent a proportional amount of the population Ex: Very few plantation owners but they have just as much power as the other groups

Another Problem….. Lowcountry representation was much greater than that of the Backcountry In order to represent the common people, the Grand Council established the Commons House of Assembly

Bellwork: Thursday 9/22/16 What was the name of the document that originally governed the Carolina colony?

Changing to a Royal Colony This goes on p. 28-30

A Royal Colony Controlled by the King (wants control of the colonies) The King appointed a governor to represent him Most colonies eventually became Royal colonies The King revoked their charters (Proprietors, Joint Stock Companies, etc. )

SC became a royal colony at the invitation of the colonists Too many problems with the Proprietors Considered Proprietors to be “absentee landlords” (wanted rent but offered no protection) Proprietors considered SC to be disobedient and not making enough money

The king was able to reach a financial agreement with the Proprietors and SC became a royal colony The colony was split into two: North and South Carolina

Royal Colony Government The king appointed a governor to run SC However, SC continued to have a self government through their representative assembly This limited the royal governor’s power because they assembly controlled the taxes and paid the governor’s salary

Economic Advantages of a Royal Colony English government offered increased subsidies for naval stores Allowed merchants to sell rice directly to foreign countries Established townships in the backcountry to encourage migration

Bellwork: Friday 9/23/16 What is the difference between a royal and proprietary colony?

The Regulator Movement This goes on p. 32-33

The Backcountry of SC More immigrants began moving to the backcountry of SC (Scotch Irish and Germans) Population in the backcountry began to outnumber the population in the lowcountry Despite having a large population, the backcountry still had less representation in the Assembly than the lowcountry

The Regulator Movement During the mid 1700s, horse thieves and criminals began moving to the backcountry There was no courts, jails or law enforcement of any kind (received no help from the gov’t…remember controlled by the lowcountry!) Settlers in the backcountry began to take the law into their own hands…The Regulator Movement

The Regulator Movement was a vigilante group Eventually it grew out of hand and the gov’t of SC stepped in They established courts, districts and law enforcement to help police the area

SC Townships Map Regulator Assignment This will go on p. 33 in your notebook Copy and label the map found on p. 51 in your textbook Regulator Assignment This will go on p. 34 in your notebook Read and answer the questions using p. 64-66