10 The Renaissance Renaissance, Art and Society WHAT YOU WILL LEARN At the end of this chapter you should understand ... What was the Renaissance? The reasons why the Renaissance began in Italy. The main features of art, architecture, painting and learning. The lives of important Renaissance artists, scientists and writers.

How do we know about the Renaissance? ART – Examples of paintings, sculpture and architecture as illustrated in this chapter. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE – letters, notebooks and books written by the artists or about them.

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? Milan Venice Mantua Ruins of ancient Rome Lucca Florence Siena Papal States Wealth of Italian cities Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? City-states Rome Naples Kingdom of Naples The printing press Fall of Constantinople

Differences between Medieval and Renaissance Art Features Themes and Subjects People Materials Perspective Frescoes

Differences between Medieval and Renaissance Art – Architecture

Differences between Medieval and Renaissance Art – Sculpture

Lorenzo de Medici and Patronage Florence – centre of the Renaissance Keen interest in the arts Loved art and books, music and poetry Collected ancient manuscripts Copied manuscripts Platonic Academy – scholars discussed Greek and Roman authors Encouraged humanism Sponsored Botticelli, Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci School of sculpture Michelangelo Paid artists to produce paintings and sculptures, design buildings and tombs

Lorenzo de Medici and Patronage What does Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi tell you about patronage?

Gutenberg and the Printing Press How did Gutenberg print books?

Gutenberg and the Printing Press Effects of the printing press Plentiful supply of books; more difficult to censor ideas; lessened the control of the Catholic Church over ideas. Books were cheaper. Spread of literacy (reading and writing). More education. The decline of Latin as books were now printed in the language of the people (vernacular). Spread of new ideas, which led to the Age of Exploration and the Reformation.

Leonardo da Vinci – Painter, Sculptor, Scientist What are the features of The Virgin of the Rocks?

Leonardo da Vinci – Painter, Sculptor, Scientist What are the features of The Last Supper?

Leonardo da Vinci – Painter, Sculptor, Scientist What did Leonardo write about in his notebooks?

Leonardo da Vinci – Painter, Sculptor, Scientist What are the features of Mona Lisa?

Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Poet and Architect How do these sculptures show Michelangelo’s skill as a sculptor?

Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Poet and Architect What are the main features of this painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Poet and Architect What are the main features of The Last Judgement?

Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Poet and Architect Are these features of classical architecture?

Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Poet and Architect Historical debate: Do you agree with Vasari that Michelangelo was the ‘artist who surpasses them all’.

Dürer – Artist of the Northern Renaissance Visits by artists to Italy The printing press Patronage Spread of the Renaissance to Northern Europe Renaissance ideas along trade routes Other Artists of the Northern Renaissance Jan van Eyck The Arnolfini Wedding Pieter Bruegel Children’s Games

Dürer – Artist of the Northern Renaissance Dürer as an engraver

Dürer – Artist of the Northern Renaissance What do these paintings tell you about Dürer as a painter?

Galileo – Scientist, Astronomer, ‘Father of Modern Science’ Pisa-born Swaying of chandelier in Pisa Cathedral Pendulum Professor of Mathematics at Padua University

Galileo – Scientist, Astronomer, ‘Father of Modern Science’ The theory of the speed of falling bodies Use of telescope Mountains and craters on the moon Four moons around Jupiter Sunspots What were Galileo’s discoveries?

Galileo – Scientist, Astronomer, ‘Father of Modern Science’ Jupiter Jupiter Sun Earth Earth Sun Ancient Greek and Roman view of the universe Copernicus’ view of the universe Why did Galileo come into conflict with the Catholic Church?

Renaissance Medicine Medical Advances Surgery William Harvey – circulation of blood Medical Advances Observation experimentation Vesalius, On the Structure of the Human Body The printing press

William Shakespeare – Dramatist and Poet Stratford-on-Avon Vernacular Globe Theatre, London 38 plays Tragedies Comedies Histories Sonnets Why is Shakespeare so famous?

William Shakespeare – Dramatist and Poet How were Shakespeare’s plays performed?

The Influence of the Renaissance Old ideas questioned in all aspects of knowledge New ideas led to the Age of Exploration and the Reformation (see Year 2) Influence of the Renaissance Printing press spreads education and literacy Developments in painting, sculpture and architecture: perspective, sfumato, classical architecture New knowledge discovered in science, medicine and geography