Mr. Meester AP European History Pages 342-350 Age of Discovery Mr. Meester AP European History Pages 342-350

Routes of Exploration

Exploration & the Renaissance Explorers were inspired by the Renaissance spirit of individualism & curiosity Ancient writings renewed knowledge in math, astronomy, & geography

The Portuguese Almost 80 years before Columbus, Prince Henry the Navigator would start the Age of Discovery Portugal pursued exploration for both economic and religious reasons Focused on Africa and later South America Bartholomew Dias Vasco da Gama Pedro Cabral

The Spanish Spanish exploration began Christopher Columbus’s voyage to “Asia” (Not really, but he tried) There were several reasons for his mistake Spain then focused their efforts on the newly discovered continent Amerigo Vespucci Ferdinand Magellan The Spanish tended to be very warlike in their approach to exploration Established Europe’s largest empire of the time

The Columbian Exchange New World to Old World Old World to New World Crops: Potatoes, Corn, Tobacco, Vanilla, Chocolate, & Peanuts Animals: Turkeys Disease: Syphilis Crops: Coffee, Sugar, Wheat, & Rice Animals: Horses, Cows, Sheep, Chickens Disease: Smallpox & Measles People: European Colonists, African Slaves

Cortes & the Aztecs In the early 1500s the Aztecs ruled central Mexico 1519, Hernan Cortes landed in Mexico with 500 men Defeated Montezuma and declared the land as New Spain

Pizarro & the Inca The dominate civilization in South America was the Inca 1532, Francisco Pizarro lands with 200 men Captured Incan leader Atahualpa

Catholics in America Catholic priest accompanied the early conquistadores Early conflict between Spanish leaders and priests Bartolome de Las Casa “The Black Legend” Later the church as an institution became interested in maintaining the status quo

The Economy of Exploitation Mining was an early source of revenue Agriculture was also important Haciendas West Indies Slavery and forced labor was common in the Americas Encomienda Debt Peonage African Slaves

Impact on Europe Intellectual Questioning Economic Change Wisdom of the Ancients Treatment of Native People & Slaves Economic Change New trade routes Increased amount of precious metals Beginnings of Capitalism Social Division