Chapter 11: The Northern People http://virtualsnyder.com/pages/native-americans.jpg

Southwestern Desert Hohokam • Out of all the cultures in the southwest, the Hohokam had the strongest Mexican influence in their pottery, clay figures, and copper bells. (Bulliet 277) • They were located on the Salt and Gila river valleys of southern Arizona • Around 1000 C.E., they Hohokam had built a complete irrigation system that included a canal of 18 miles long •Their ceramic & agricultural technology expanded to neighboring people over time. They were often referred to as “Canal Builders” (http://www.desertusa.com/ind1/du_peo_hoh.html) http://floorcloths.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/hohokam-550x412.jpg

Anasazi • Anasazi: Navajo word that means “ancient ones” to classify groups of scattered, but alike desert cultures in the present-day Four Corners regions of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, & Colorado (Bulliet 278) •Had a well established economy on maize, beans, and squash •Distinguished themselves by their artistry and basketry (http://www.desertusa.com/ind1/du_peo_ana.html) • Since they were able to grow their food, they were able to build larger villages and underground buildings called Kivas (Bulliet 278) •8 large towns were built, with a regional population of around 15,000. Pueblo Bonito, the largest town, had more than 650 rooms of residences and storages. (Bulliet 278) https://healeylibrary.wikispaces.com/file/view/mesoamerica.jpg/34840977

The Mississippian Culture • Located in the present areas of New York to Illinois, and Ontario to Florida (Bulliet 280) • Economically, depended on hunting and gathering and some domesticated seed crops (Bulliet 280) •Chiefdom government operated the Mississippian Culture, in which a territory could have a population up to 10,000. A hereditary chief would rule this territory, with religious & civil responsibilities. (http://www.nps.gov/seac/misslate.htm) • The chiefs would organize long distance trade, rituals of feasting, and gift giving that established relations with the people from the other territiories. (http://www.nps.gov/seac/misslate.htm) • Greatest urban center was Cahokia (present day East St. Louis, Illinois), which had a population of about 20,000 (Bulliet 281) http://farm1.static.flickr.com/1/173583_6bae7e1fdf.jpg

Moche Civilization Moche Civilization started in 600 C.E. in the northern coastal region of Peru (http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/qt/moche.htm) Cultivated maize, quinoa, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes, and coca (ritually) (Bulliet 283) They never established an orderly empire, or unified political structures. (http://www.stockton.edu/~gilmorew/consorti/1fcenso.htm) Priests (elite class) wore tall, headdresses, gold marked their social position, & rich clothing and jewelry confirmed their divine status (Bulliet 283) Common people spent time farming, to pay their debts to the elite. Both men & women were involved in agriculture, caring for llama herds, & household economy, women had a special role in textile production (http://enloehs.wcpss.net/projects/candc/merg/rbmwrnmerg7/rdnmawrebmerg7.htm) http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1163/818151131_344a5e3f91.jpg

Tiwanaku & Wari Tiwanaku was located in Bolivia Their diet mainly consisted of corn, coca, tropical fruits, fish, potatoes and grains. Had relatively small population of 30,000, in comparison to Teotihuacan Wari: Located 450 miles northwest from Tiwanaku (near present-day city of Ayacucho, Peru) Larger than Tiwanaku, almost 4 miles City center was surrounded by an enormous wall & included a temple Both the Wari & Tiwanaku declined around 1000 BCE (Bulliet 284-286)

The Inca Civilization 1525, the Inca Empire had a population of 6 million people, that stretched from the Maule in Chile to northern Ecuador, and from the Pacific Coast across the Andes to upper Amazon, and south into Argentina Men & Women took care of llamas, which they depended on for food, clothing, as well as food Men produced iron and bronze weapons, as well as gold and silver. Women produced textiles from cotton and the wool of llamas and alpacas The Inca Empire faced crisis in 1525, when the Inca ruler Huayna Capac died, and civil war broke out for the throne (Bulliet 286-288) Capital was Cuzco

What was the greatest urban center in the Mississippian Culture? Cuzco Question 1: What was the greatest urban center in the Mississippian Culture? Cuzco Wari Cahokia Sues Elam

What type of government did the Moche Civilization have? Chiefdom Question 2: What type of government did the Moche Civilization have? Chiefdom Kingdom No government Monarchy Dynasty

Anasazi & Mississippian Tiwanaku & Wari Inca & Hohokam Question 3: What two Civilizations had men & women caring for their herds of llamas? Anasazi & Mississippian Tiwanaku & Wari Inca & Hohokam Hohokam & Anasazi Moche & Inca