Aerospace System Prototyping and Validation- Lecture 2 304AAE Aerospace System Prototyping and Validation- Lecture 2 Muhammad Kashif Khan ac1291@coventry.ac.uk
Outline Main Aerospace Components Aerospace Design, Development & Certification Cycle Aerospace Structural Alloys
Main Aerospace Components
Main Aerospace Components Fuselage Wings Empennage or Tail Power Plant Landing Gear or Undercarriage
Fuselage Main body of airplane Pilot & cargo compartments Generally constructed in two or more sections Carries accessories and other equipments Includes numerous access doors, inspection plates, landing wheel wells, and other openings
Must be able to resist bending moments Fuselage Carry the payload Must be able to resist bending moments High structural strength and stiffness Structural weight must be kept to a minimum
Wings Airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage Main lifting surfaces Various design size and shape May be attached at the top, middle, or lower portion of the fuselage- High-wing, mid-wing, and low-wing The number of wings can also vary
Wings Provide lift Consist of two essential parts The internal wing structure (spars, ribs and stringers) The external wing structure (Skin) Ribs give the shape to the wing section, support the skin (prevent buckling) and act to prevent the fuel surging around as the aircraft manoeuvres
Empennage Know as tail section Consist of Vertical Stabilizer Rudder Horizontal Stabilizer Elevators
Powerplant Converts chemical energy contains in the fuel to thrust force Thrust force is essential for moving the airplane forward and producing lift force With the piston engine, the propeller is used to convert torque at engine shaft to be thrust
Landing gear Located underneath of the fuselage with shock strut Fixed / Retractable Provides means of landing taxiing Tri- cycle Conventional type Floating gear for seaplane /ski-equipped for ice surface landing etc..
Airplane Design and Development & Certification
Design Specifications Design Criteria Basic Loading Laboratory Testing Flight Test Data Airplane Design Certification
Aerospace Structural Alloys
Material used in Airframe Airframe Materials Properties High Strength to Weight ratio Light weight- Corrosion Resistant Should be non flammable High quality
Aluminium & Titanium Alloys VERY STRONG – as strong as steel but 45 to 60% lighter RESISTS CORROSION – more resistant to acids and alkalis LOW DENSITY – so LIGHT and EASY TO SHAPE VERY HIGH MELTING POINT 600 to 1800 Deg C.
Titanium Titanium is the 4th most abundant metal on Earth, after aluminium, iron and magnesium but it is VERY EXPENSIVE Pure titanium costs £8,000 per tonne
Aluminium Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the earth's crust Aluminum is strong, lightweight, electrically- and thermally-conductive, and corrosion resistant. These properties can be enhanced through alloying. Its strength-to-weight ratio makes it attractive in structural applications
Strength to Weight Ratio Ti6Al4V Al 2024-T351 Melting Point Ti6Al4V Al 2024-T351
Percentage Elongation Elastic Modulus Ti6Al4V Al 2024-T351 Percentage Elongation Ti6Al4V Al 2024-T351
Any Questions?