Unit 1 The First Americans Lessons 1-3

Vocabulary The study of objects to learn about life from the past A person with no permanent home who travels from place to place The skill of raising plants and animals for human use An object made by people Movement from one place to another The use of scientific knowledge to solve problems To change the way one lives to fit different conditions nomad migration agriculture adapt technology archaeology artifact

A groups’ stories and customs An accepted way of doing something A set of customs that people create over time More than is needed A system of faith or worship A system for organizing resources, such as money and goods A set of activities done for a special purpose To focus on one kind of product or activity custom tradition folklore ceremony religion surplus specialize economy

A system of laws and the people who carry them out To talk to and work with others To trade goods for other goods without the use of money interact barter government

Why did members of the Great Plains groups have different homes at different times of the year? In the ____________, the Great Plains groups lived in ___________ __________ and grew __________. In Summer, they left to hunt ____________ and lived in _____________. Spring earth lodges crops buffalo teepees

Why did American Indians locate their villages near water? People and animals need __________ to survive. They ate _________ from rivers and used rivers for __________. They used the water for _____________. water fish travel irrigation

Why did some of the American Indians of the Great Plains travel? They followed herds of ___________ which was their ___________ source. buffalo food

What were the reasons for an American Indian group to have a celebration or ceremony? Social Religious Collection of resources Celebration of nature

What role did nature have in the celebration of the Iroquios? stories were told held large dances that lasted many days held large feasts called potlatches held harvest ceremonies when crops were gathered

In what ways have the American Indians shared stories about their culture? American Indians had storytellers who knew their ____________. During celebrations, most stories were spoken, ___________, or ___________. folklore chanted sung

What was the purpose of a potlatch in the Pacific Northwest? It had a _________ purpose. The ________ gave away goods to the other members of the village to show how well he ____________ the group’s ____________. social chief controlled resources

Why was the Iroquois Confederacy formed? Why did they meet? The Iroquois Confederacy united _______ groups in order to solve problems related to ________ _______, trade, and _______. The council discussed an issue until every chief agreed on a ___________. five land use war solution

How did increases in surpluses of food and specialized work help American Indian economies develop? Specialized ________ and food _________ allowed people to trade their goods for things they could not make themselves. _______ helped the economies grow. work surpluses Trade

How did interacting within American Indian groups affect their needs and wants? As people interacted, they were introduced to new ______ and _____ . Trade helped groups meet their needs. People began to _______ for goods they discovered through trade. goods ideas barter

Pacific Northwest and Desert Southwest Indian Groups Geography Climate Shelter Tools & Utensils Food Clothing Technology Traditions Pacific Northwest Western coast of US Canada, Washington, & Oregon Wet, cold Large cedar, wood plank houses Finely carved wooden bowls & utensils – spoons Fish, whale hunted deer Gathered nuts & berries Made from bark Made canoes that could be 75 feet long Held large feasts called potlatches Desert Southwest Southwest region of the US Dry, hot Used adobe bricks to contruct villages of large apartment-style buildings Pottery jars Woven baskets Ovens called “hornos” Crops: corn, beans, cotton Had to grow their own food Trade clothing made from buffalo Cotton clothing Irrigation Adobe Men wove cotton clothing

Great Plains Eastern Woodlands Indian Groups Geography Climate Shelter Tools & Utensils Food Clothing Technology Traditions Great Plains Flat grassland west of Mississippi River Dry Earth lodges – soil covered dome-shaped Lived in teepees while hunting Buffalo bones Knives and scrapers Farmed & hunted Beans, squash, sunflowers Buffalo skins Tendons of buffalo used to make strings for bows Held large dances that lasted many days to meet groups’ spiritual needs Eastern Woodlands East of the Mississippi Wide range of climates Ojibwa – dome shaped made of bent wooden poles Mohawk – longhouses Birch bark woven or bent into baskets Rabbit, bears, & deer Growing crops Made from buckskins Birch bark baskets Canoes Held harvest celebration when crops were picked