American Revolution

AMERICAN REVOLUTION ESSENTIAL QUESTION What was the French and Indian War, and how was it a cause of the American Revolution?

Causes of the American Revolution Long term (Underlying) Taxation without representation French and Indian War Proclamation of 1763 Restrictions on trade (tariffs, smuggling, boycotts) Immediate Stamp Act Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Declaration of Independence

Spain claimed Florida and Mexico France claimed land from Louisiana to the Great Lakes, and parts of Canada; New Orleans (south) and Detroit (north) anchored French settlements Great Britain had established the 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast North America 1754

Origins of the French and Indian War France and Great Britain wanted the treasures of the American continent Both countries feared the other would gain the most power France had the stronger army with more experienced leadership; British had a better navy Both sides had allies with certain Indian tribes

FRENCH & INDIAN WAR 1754-1763 CONFLICT and CHANGE CAUSE ENGLAND AND FRANCE WANTED TO CONTROL THE SAME LAND-Ohio R. Valley FRANCE HAD INDIAN ALLIES THAT THEY TRADED WITH ENGLAND HAD COLONISTS WHO WANTED TO SETTLE THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY EFFECT (CHANGE) ENGLISH WON THE WAR- Treaty of Paris 1763 COLONIES EXPANDED THEIR BOUNDARIES WESTWARD (GEORGIA BOUNDARY BECAME THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER) ENGLAND ACQUIRED FLORIDA FROM SPAIN BRITISH GOV’T BEGAN TAXING THE COLONISTS TO HELP PAY FOR THE WAR – THIS BECAME THE 1ST CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION CONFLICT and CHANGE

Georgia and the Aftermath Treaty of Paris set Georgia’s western boundary at the Mississippi River Cherokee and Creek tribes gave up land claims north of Augusta and in the coastal region

ESSENTIAL QUESTION What was the Proclamation of 1763? AMERICAN REVOLUTION ESSENTIAL QUESTION What was the Proclamation of 1763?

Proclamation of 1763 After the end of the F&I War, King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763… Settlers could no longer settle West of Appalachian Mountains Land was given to the Native Americans-avoid conflict Temporarily slowed westward expansion-colonist

Georgia under the Proclamation 0f 1763 Georgia’s southern boundary was set at St. Mary’s River Georgia colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

ESSENTIAL QUESTION AMERICAN REVOLUTION How was Georgia’s role in the Revolutionary War affected by the attitudes of the colonists?

Unhappy with British Acts Great Britain needed money; much debt and security expenses resulted from the French and Indian War Sugar Act: tax on sugar and molasses imported from the West Indies-taxation without representation Townshend Acts: placed import taxes on tea, paper, glass, and coloring for paints Stamp Act: tax on newspapers, legal documents, and licenses Georgians disapproved of these acts

STAMP ACT - 1765 First direct British tax on American colonists. Every newspaper, pamphlet, and other public and legal document had to have a Stamp or British seal. The Stamp would cost money. The colonists didn't think they should have to pay for something they had been doing for free. They protested. Stamp Act repealed(removed) in March 1766 The Sons of Liberty was formed in response to this Act. The Stamp Act Congress also gave the colonists a model for the Continental Congress.

Georgians who came together to oppose the Stamp Act The Liberty Boys Georgians who came together to oppose the Stamp Act Part of a larger group, the “Sons of Liberty” Georgia only colony to actually sell the stamps

Boston Massacre March 1770 Colonists threw snowballs at British soldiers and called them names Soldiers fired into the crowd killing five colonists Crispus Attucks a freedman was the first to die Enraged colonists and increase the support for war with Britain

Boston Tea party Colonist dressed as Indians, stormed ships in Boston, threw tea into the harbor Response to Tea Act of 1773 Tea Act of 1773 Allowed the East India Company to sell tea at a cheaper price directly to the colonists. Monopoly on tea

INTOLERABLE ACTS To bring the colonies under control, Britain’s Parliament passed several acts: 1. Closing of Boston Harbor until damages from Boston Tea Party were paid for 2. Outlawing patriot groups such as the Sons of Liberty; and allowing colonists to assemble for only one town meeting a year. 3. British troops in colonies who committed a crime were tried back in British courts, not colonial courts 4. Quartering Act – house and feed British soldiers

First Continental Congress Met in Philadelphia in September 1774 to protest “Intolerable Acts” levied against the Massachusetts colonists Urged colonies to establish “Committees of Safety” Agreed to stop all trade with Britain Carried on its work in secret “Provincial Congress” held in Savannah in January 1775; less than one-half of Georgia’s parishes were represented Georgia was not represented

Second Continental Congress Meeting in Philadelphia in the summer of 1775 All thirteen colonies attended the meeting Declaration of Independence was created and adopted at the meeting Thomas Jefferson-wrote the Declaration of Independence Lyman Hall was the first representative from GA. at the meeting

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE The Declaration of Independence was a formal document that was written on July 4, 1776 to officially announce the colonies' break from Great Britain. Three main parts to the document Preamble-states the reason for the document List of grievances against King George III Actual declaration of independence officially severing ties with Great Britain Georgians who signed the Declaration of Independence Button Gwinnett Lyman Hall George Walton

AMERICAN REVOLUTION ESSENTIAL QUESTION What role did Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton play in the American Revolution?

Button Gwinnett, George Walton, and Lyman Hall were the three Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence.

Button Gwinnett Born: England, about 1735 Died: Savannah, May 19, 1777 Signed Declaration of Independence Governor of GA. 1777 Played key role in getting the GA constitution of 1777 passed

Signed the Declaration of Independence Lyman Hall Born: Wallingford, Connecticut, April 12,1724 Died: Burke County, Ga. October 19, 1790 Signed the Declaration of Independence Governor of GA. 1783-84 Helped Establish UGA

George Walton Born: Farmville, Virginia, about 1749 Died: February 2, 1804, Augusta, Georgia Signed the Declaration of Independence U.S. Senator, Governor of GA. in 1779

What is the difference between a LOYALIST and a PATRIOT? ESSENTIAL QUESTION What is the difference between a LOYALIST and a PATRIOT?

American Revolution Groups LOYALISTS (Tories) Those loyal to England and did not want the colonies to break away from the mother country. Though Georgians opposed British trade regulations, many hesitated to join the revolutionary movement that emerged in the American colonies in the early 1770s and resulted in the Revolutionary War (1775-83). The colony had prospered under royal rule, and many Georgians thought that they needed the protection of British troops against a possible Indian attack. PATRIOTS (Whigs) Colonists who opposed British rule and wanted to break away and form their own country. These colonists were angered over the many ACTS (rules and taxes) that they were force to pay, especially since they had no voice in government (Parliament). The slogan “no taxation without representation” was what they rallied behind. The Patriots would eventually fight the British in the American Revolutionary War.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION What role did Nancy Hart, Austin Dabney, and Elijah Clarke play in the American Revolution?

Revolutionary Heroine Nancy Hart Revolutionary Heroine 5-6 British soldiers invaded her home Demanded a meal She cooked, they drank As they ate, she slipped out their weapons She held them at gunpoint Killed 2, held others until husband arrived Remaining soldiers were hanged Georgia's most acclaimed female participant during the Revolutionary War Hart county is named in her honor

BATTLE OF KETTLE CREEK The most important event to occur at Kettle Creek took place on Sunday, February 14, 1779. On that morning 600 American supporters of the British cause, popularly known as Loyalists or Tories, encamped atop a hill in a bend of the creek. Elijah Clarke and other patriot soldiers were able to defeat the loyalists and prevented the British from invading northern Georgia.

Elijah Clarke Elijah Clarke was a patriot and a hero of the Revolutionary War from Georgia. Clarke County is named for him. On February 14, 1779, Clarke led a charge in the rebel victory at Kettle Creek, Georgia.

-Austin Dabney was a slave who became a private in the Georgia militia and fought against the British during the Revolutionary War (1775-83). -Severely injured in the Battle of Kettle Creek He was the only African American to be granted land by the state of Georgia in recognition of his bravery and service during the Revolutionary War Austin Dabney

ESSENTIAL QUESTION What is significant about the siege of Savannah during the Revolutionary War?

So, what is significant about the Siege of Savannah? In 1779, Patriot forces with the help of the French navy tried to regain control of Savannah, but were badly defeated by the British army. The British controlled the colony of Georgia until 1783 when the Treaty of Paris was signed – when Britain officially gave up the fight to keep control of the colonies – ending the Revolutionary War.