“The Great War for Empire” The French & Indian War (1756 to 1763) “The Great War for Empire” vs.

North America in 1750

Why the Tension? Britain has claimed Hudson Bay territory in America – east coast to west British wanted more land for settlers (1.5 million compared to 70,000 French) Also wanted control of fur trade

1754  The First Clash The Ohio Valley British French Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians

1754  Albany Plan of Union Ben Franklin  representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA Albany Congress  failed Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.

1755  Braddock Decides to Eliminate FR Presence in N. America Gen. Edward Braddock  expelled French from OH Valley and Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia) Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia. Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne  by 1500 French and Indian forces. Only Braddock Success  expelled France from Louisiana. CAJUNS

1756  War Is Formally Declared! French British Iroquois? Native American tribes exploited both sides!

British-American Colonial Tensions Colonials British Methods of Fighting: Indian-style guerilla tactics. March in formation or bayonet charge. Military Organization: Col. militias served under own captains. Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. Military Discipline: No mil. deference or protocols observed. Drills & tough discipline. Finances: Resistance to rising taxes. Colonists should pay for their own defense. Demeanor: Casual, non-professionals. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

1757  William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister He understood colonial concerns. He offered them a compromise: - col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. would reimburse col. assemblies for their costs. RESULTS?  Colonial morale increased by 1758.

“Last of the Mohicans” British have been fighting French for 3 years Indian tribes are fighting on both sides Colonists caught in the middle Characters: Hawkeye, Chingachgood, Uncas, Cora Munroe, Munroe, Montcalm Focus: Relationship colonists have with the British…

How did the British fight compared to the Indians and colonists? Exit Ticket How did the British fight compared to the Indians and colonists?

What did the movie show us about the relationship between the Colonists and the British?

Why did the French and Indian War start? What was the first clash? Bell Ringer Why did the French and Indian War start? What was the first clash? Who was apart of it? What were the French and British wanting?

1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England * By 1761, Spain has become an ally of France

Battle of New France Cutting off the French at sea was the first blow. Taking the capital of New France was the second. Gen Montcalm is defeated by the British on the Plains of Abraham after sneaking up the steep cliffs, during night, that protected Quebec. When Montreal fell shortly after Quebec, that was the end of the war.

1763  Treaty of Paris France --> lost her Canadian possessions, claims to lands east of the Mississippi River, and most of her empire in India. Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England. England --> got all French lands in Canada, rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

North America in 1763

Effects of the War on Britain? 1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

Effects of the War on the American Colonials 1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Frontier 1763  Pontiac’s Rebellion Fort Detroit British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt. England thought that it was easier to keep the colonials out of the territory rather than protect them…

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

BACKLASH! British  Proclamation Line of 1763.

Was 1763 a "turning point" in British-colonial relationships???

The Project Include the following vocabulary terms: Complete a Spider or Fishbone Diagram of the French and Indian War (minimum of 8 legs or 8 bones) Include the following vocabulary terms: Charles de Langlade George Washington Battle at Ft. Duquesne Battle for Quebec Treaty of Paris Ohio River Valley Acadians Ft. Necessity Albany Plan of Union General Braddock Proclamation of 1763 William Pitt Warraghiyagey Pontiac’s Rebellion General Montcalm For each bone/leg, must have at least 2 details. Must be colored and creatively done. Each bone/leg will include details of significance of event and/or details of persons involved.

Why were the colonists upset about the taxes they had to pay? Exit Ticket Why were the colonists upset about the taxes they had to pay?

Extra Points In your own words, explain the formation of an American Identity using these terms: Enlightenment Glorious Revolution Great Awakening Ben Franklin John Locke French and Indian War Proclamation of 1763 Salutary neglect