19.1 The Cold War Begins Objectives

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Presentation transcript:

19.1 The Cold War Begins Objectives 1)Assess how the U.S. Occupied Germany. 2)Reflect on the effects of the Atom Bomb. 3)Examine the Marshall Plan and Japanese Constitution. 4)Explain how the Cold War Started.

Occupation of Germany Germany is fully occupied. Allies divide it into zones. Ban all Nazis from the German government. Nuremburg Trials Charge Nazis for war crimes! “Just following Orders” not valid excuse.

U.S. Occupation of Japan - (Aug. 14th, 1945) Japanese Surrender. - MacArthur Wrote new Constitution for Japan. - Emperor stays. - Military abolished. - Democratic reforms. - Massive aid to stop starvation.

The United Nations - (Oct. 1945) The United Nations is founded. - Set up to replace the League of Nations. - General Assembly - all member states. - Security Council. - Big Five WWII Winners.

The Atom Bomb - (1945-1949) U.S. Only Nuclear power in the world. - Soviet Union wary of U.S. Power. - Soviets Explode their first A-Bomb in 1949.

Europe and the Marshall Plan - (1946-1949) Europe is on verge of starvation. - Communism starts looking attractive in W. Europe. - (June 5th, 1948) George Marshall proposes massive aid program to Europe.

Europe and the Marshall Plan - (1948-1952) U.S. Sends $13 billion over to Europe. - Great success, Europe starts to recover. - Eastern Europe and Soviet Union refuse Marshall Plan. - Why?

Eastern Europe and the U.S.S.R. - Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet Union. - Not allowed democratic elections, become satellites.

Growing Tensions. - (June 1948 - May 1949)The Berlin Blockade - Western Allies move to reunify German zones. - Joseph Stalin panics, blocks Allies from moving supplies into Soviet zone. - Western Allies resolve to keep supplying Berlin.

The Berlin Blockade - Western Allies supply Berlin by air!

The Cold War Begins - Huge embarrassment for the Soviets. - In response, they start building fortifications along the West-East border. - “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone - Greece with its immortal glories - is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation.”

The Cold War Begins - Western Allies form NATO to oppose Soviets. - (April 4th, 1949) North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Permanent military alliance. - Soviets form Warsaw Pact in response.