Part 75-3D Piles, steel-core piles and micropiles. Static test loadings II/2013, modified 11/2016 (Part 75-3, PP 2007, animation+p/r : 2016.11.06 2x compr.) Copyright notice Unauthorised copying of this presentation as whole or in parts in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permision is prohibited. ready

Withdrawal of the drilled casings ready 2 2

Casings after removal through crushed rock fill ready

Withdrawal of the drilled casings – cont. ready Withdrawal of the drilled casings – cont. … and grouting 4 4

ready Mounting and inserting of TNA macropiles into the drilled casings inside the buildings 5 5

Mounting and inserting of TNA macropiles into the drilled casings inside the buildings – cont. ready 6 6

Mounting and inserting of TNA macropiles into the drilled casings inside the buildings – cont. ready 7 7

Withdrawal of the casings inside the buildings ready 8 8

Grouting of TNA macropiles inside the buildings ready 9 9

Grouting of TNA macropiles inside the buildings – cont. ready 10 10

Final ”correction” of the buildings ready 11 11

There are two ways to set, or harden, liquid sodium silicates for grouting applications. The first way is by lowering the silicate’s pH. This causes the SiO2 species to polymerize into a gel. Some setting agents will hydrolyze over time and form an a cid that will set the silicate. By controlling the composition of the setting agent, and therefore the rate of hydrolysis, the gel time of the grout can be tightly controlled. The second way to set a silicate grout is to react it with soluble metals to form insoluble metal silicates. These grouts generally have higher strength and are lower in cost. Typically, PQ’s N® sodium silicate is used for grouting applications. It is diluted to reduce its viscosity, so that it penetrates soils more easily. The viscosity adjustment takes into account the soil permeability and the strength requirement of the grouted mass. The strength of a silicate-grouted soil is influenced by several factors: concentration of silicate in the grout formulation composition and particle size distribution of the soil selection and amount of hardening agents  chemistry of the surrounding waters Soil grouting and ground modification with sodium silicate is a sophisticated engineering application and requires specialized equipment and expertise. 0.70 mm/day Settlements vs. time Lift with hydraulic jack Drilling and grouting activities press ready

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