Control of Material Movement

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Presentation transcript:

Control of Material Movement Terminology Solute Substance being dissolved. Solvent Dissolving substance. Solution Mixture of solute in a solvent. Concentration Solute substances compared to total substances. Example: 1 g Na+ in 99 ml of water 1/100 (1%) solute concentration Solute Solvent

Control of Material Movement Concentration gradient The difference between the solute concentrations of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane (barrier).

Control of Material Movement Going with the concentration gradient Movement of molecules across a membrane from a solution of high solute concentration to a solution of low solute concentration.

Control of Material Movement Going against the concentration gradient Movement of molecules across the membrane from a solution of low solute concentration to a solution of high solute concentration.

Neutral substances: oxygen, carbon dioxide Nonpolar molecules: lipids Water-soluble molecules: ions (H+, Na+, K+, Ca++, Cl–) Polar molecules glucose, water

Control of Material Movement Passive Definition Method of moving molecules through a membrane without energy from the cell.

Control of Material Movement Passive Types Simple Diffusion Movement of nonpolar or neutral solutes with the concentration gradient without using a transmembrane protein.

Control of Material Movement Passive Facilitated Diffusion (Transport) Movement of water soluble solutes with the concentration gradient using a Channel protein.

Control of Material Movement Passive Types Osmosis Movement of water from an area of high water to an area of low water concentration using an Aquaporins protein.

OSMOSIS WITH GLUCOSE

OSMOSIS TONICITY Definition The concentration of solutes in a solution of two fluids separated by a membrane.

OSMOSIS TONICITY Isotonic (iso = equal) The two fluids separated by a membrane are equal in solute concentration.

OSMOSIS TONICITY Hypertonic (hyper = high) The fluid on one side of a membrane is higher in solutes than the other fluid.

OSMOSIS TONICITY Hypotonic (hypo = low) The fluid on one side of a membrane is lower in solutes than the other fluid.

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

Control of Material Movement Active Transport Definition Use of energy (ATP) to transport molecules into or out of the cell going against the concentration gradient.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT Molecule/Ion Transport Carrier proteins move molecules or ions through the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient.

Active Transport Bulk Transport Endocytosis Membrane vesicle forms around a substance outside the cell and brings it into the cell.

Active Transport Bulk Transport Exocytosis Vesicle forms around a substance inside the cell and fuses to the membrane for secretion.

endocytosis exocytosis a coated pit b c d f e

CELL JUNCTIONS Animal Cell Junctions Tight Function Joining of plasma membrane proteins creating a barrier to prevent flow between cells.

CELL JUNCTIONS Adhesion (Anchoring, Desmosomes) Function Intercellular filaments join plasma membranes to allow stretching.

CELL JUNCTIONS Gap (Communication) Function Joining of two adjacent membrane channel proteins for exchange of signals and nutrients.