Health and Human Development SAC 1 Revision 2016

Define YLL YLL refers to the number of years of life lost due to premature death.

Define YLD YLD refers to the number of years of healthy life lost due to suffering from a disability, illness or injury.

Define DALY Disability Adjusted Life Year- a measure of overall burden of disease, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill health, disability or early death. Disability Adjusted Life Years
The sum of years of potential life lost due to premature
mortality and the years of productive life lost due to disability.

Define HALE Average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health" by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury.

Define Behavioural Determinants Actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impacts on health, such as smoking, sexual activity and eating practices.

What is a trend? A general change or movement in a particular direction. For example trends indicate a significant increase in obesity over the past twenty years.

How does the Physical Environment account for differences in Health Status Fast food outlets Poor quality Housing More dangerous working Environments Exposure to tobacco smoking Greater levels of violence

Give examples of Behavioural Determinants that account for variations in Health Status between Indigenous and Non Indigenous population groups. Alcohol Consumption Poor education llicit Drug Use Lower rates of physical activity Poor nutritional status Low consumption of fruit and vegetables Unsafe sexual activities

How does low birth weight contrbute to variations in health status? Babies born with a low birth weight are more likely to: Underdeveloped immune system Premature death Delayed learning/disabilities In adulthood High blood pressure Type 2 Diabetes CVD

List examples of how health status of males and females vary. M lower life expectancy M higher rates of injury M higher rates of lung cancer M higher rates of Diabetes 2 M lower rates of osteoporosis M lower rates of mental and behavioural problems.

Define Health Status An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.

Define Social Determinant Aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support.

List for two variations in Health Status between high and low socio economic status Higher infant mortality rates Higher rates of disability Higher rates of CVD Higher rates of Lung cancer Plus higher rates of: Type 2 Diabetes, Dental decay, Respiratory disease, asthma, arthritis, overweight and obesity, mental problems SES – education, occupation, income