Regulatory Infrastructure Development for Safety of Nuclear Installations RCF Plenary Meeting 30 September 2016 Vienna, Austria Greg RZENTKOWSKI, Director Division of Nuclear Installation Safety Nuclear Safety and Security Department

Nuclear Power Development Long-term government commitment National infrastructure Qualified/skilled human resources High up-front investment Public acceptance Global impact High level of safety and security Control of nuclear materials Long-term waste management Sustainable Social Equitable Bearable Viable Environment Economic A nuclear power programme is a major undertaking that requires careful planning, preparation and investment in time, institutions and human resources. It is a long term commitment that requires significant financial and human resources. While nuclear power is not alone in this respect, it is unique due to the safety, security and safeguards requirements associated with using nuclear material. Nuclear safety remains the responsibility of individual countries, yet there is the need to establish sustainable and broadly acceptable safety policies and requirements for nuclear installations and waste disposal facilities worldwide. However, the Fukushima accident has demonstrated that nuclear safety is a global concern. Governments must also consider issues such as waste and public perception from the very beginning of the programme.

National Commitment to Safety Safety is the national responsibility and cannot be outsourced Safety is an essential condition for a sustainable and successful nuclear power programme Safety is an integral component in all infrastructure issues Safety has to be continuously improved A safety culture starting with strong and effective leadership is essential Weak links need to be identified and strengthened

International Obligations Convention on Nuclear Safety Adopted in June 1994 and entered into force in October 1996 There are 78 Contracting Parties and 10 Signatory States 7th Review Meeting of the Convention will be held in 2017 ARTICLE 8. REGULATORY BODY Each Contracting Party shall establish or designate a Regulatory Body entrusted with the implementation of the legislative and regulatory framework ARTICLE 9. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE LICENSE HOLDER Each Contracting Party shall ensure that prime responsibility for the safety of a nuclear installation rests with the holder of the relevant licence and shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that each such licence holder meets its responsibility Safety starts from implementation of international obligations. It has to be remembered that the national responsibilities are….. Article 8 and 9 outline two fundamental principles. RB should be effectively independent the primary responsibility for the safety of a nuclear installations rests with the holder of the relevant license CNS is a an international peer review – Articles of convention are rather general, state expectations Legal instruments include also Code of Conducts. Not legally binding – incentive instruments Providing access to a wealth of experience including good practices on nuclear safety issues, particularly helpful for embarking countries. Increasing assistance opportunities for the Contracting Parties, particularly embarking countries, with limited resources, to meet regulatory infrastructure development needs. Improving transparency and openness about nuclear safety through publication of National reports.

Regulatory Infrastructure Development IAEA Assistance Develop internationally recognized safety standards Safety fundaments, requirements and guides Guidance on establishing safety infrastructure Provide services for implementation of safety standards Peer-reviews and advisory services Provide quality support and assistance to Member States developing safety infrastructure Capacity building (training courses, workshops, fellowships and scientific visits) Coordinate and collaborate effectively with other organizations Safety Standards Peer Reviews Advisory Services Capacity Building Nuclear Power Plants Research Reactors Fuel Cycle Facilities

IAEA Safety Standards The IAEA safety standards provide requirements that should be met for the establishment of an adequate and effective regulatory infrastructure for safety

Fundamental Safety Principles Primary safety objective: Protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation Principle 1: Responsibility for safety Principle 2: Role of government Principle 3: Leadership and management for safety Principle 4: Justification of facilities and activities Principle 5: Optimization of protection Principle 6: Limitations of risks to individuals Principle 7: Protection of present and future generations Principle 8: Prevention of accidents Principle 9: Emergency preparedness and response Principle 10: Protective actions to reduce existing or unregulated radiations risks must be justified and optimized Ten safety principles form the basis on which safety requirements are developed and safety measures are implemented to achieve the primary safety objective

General Safety Requirements GSR Part 1: Governmental, Legal and Regulatory Framework for Safety Fundamental requirements for development of safety framework Criteria for self-assessment of completeness and adequacy of safety infrastructure Rev. 1 published in February 2016 Supporting Safety Guides in preparation: DS472 Organization, Management and Staffing of a Regulatory Body for Safety DS473 Functions and Processes of the Regulatory Body for Safety are under development to support GSR Part 1

Specific Safety Guide SSG-16: Establishing the Safety Infrastructure for a Nuclear Power Programme 20 elements 1. National policy and strategy for safety 2. Global nuclear safety regime 3. Legal framework 4. Regulatory framework 5. Transparency and openness 6. Funding and financing 7. External support organizations and contractors 8. Leadership and management for safety 9. Human resources development 10. Research for safety and regulatory purposes 11. Radiation protection 12. Safety assessment 13. Safety of radioactive waste management, spent fuel management and decommissioning 14. Emergency preparedness and response 15. Operating organization 16. Site survey, site selection and evaluation 17. Design safety 18. Preparation for commissioning 19. Transport safety 20. Interfaces with nuclear security 20 safety elements supported by 200 actions to be taken Each safety element is fully based on relevant IAEA safety standards; GSR Part 1 for safety elements 1-7 and 20 For each action, responsibilities are clearly stated

Prioritization of Regulations Site evaluation Radiation Protection Licensing Process Management system Design Basic regulations on - Construction - Manufacturing - Waste Management - Emergency Preparedness This figure is summarizing the timing of issuance of safety regulations by the regulatory body

Safety Review Services (1/2) Safety of Nuclear Installations Peer-review Services Integrated Regulatory Review Service (IRRS) Site and External Events Design (SEED) Operational Safety Review Service (OSART) Integrated Safety Assessment of Research Reactor (INSARR) Safety Evaluation during Operation of Fuel Cycle Facilities (SEDO) Safety Aspects of Long Term Operation (SALTO) Advisory Services Safety Assessment Advisory Programme (SAAP) Technical Safety Review Services (TSR) IRRS SRSs are linked to the Statutory pillars of the Agency; ARTICLE III: Functions – “To establish… standards of safety… and to provide for the application of these standards…” Statute of the IAEA SRSs addresses all stakeholder involved in the development and implementation of nuclear programmes at the national level

Safety Review Services (2/2) Conduct of Safety Review Services IAEA safety standards form the basis Open and transparent Lead by IAEA staff and international experts Benefits of Safety Review Services Improvement in regulation of nuclear installations and in their operational safety Sharing knowledge and good practices Disseminating lessons learned from the Fukushima- Daiichi accident Providing opportunities for improvements Impact on governments, regulators and operators Review Basis What are the benefits of inviting SRSs

Integrated Regulatory Review Service (1/2) Key objectives Strengthen and enhance the effectiveness of national regulatory infrastructure for nuclear, radiation, radioactive waste and transport safety and the security of radioactive sources Assess the status of national regulatory infrastructure against IAEA safety standards. Enhance nuclear and radiation safety and regulatory effectiveness Main scope All regulated nuclear facilities and activities Tailored module for embarking countries to asses regulatory infrastructure development (based on SSG- 16) Modular Structure

Integrated Regulatory Review Service (2/2) Safety achievements Regulatory Body’s independence Clarification of Regulatory Body authority, role and responsibilities Regulations and regulatory guidance Regulatory Body management system, including better procedures and training Opportunities for further improvements National policies and strategies for safety Development of regulations and guides Procedures and guidance for authorization, review and assessment General Observations Information for IRRS Services are related to countries with operating NPPs The value of the IRRS Programme in supporting the implementation of the EC Nuclear Safety Directive has been recognized 31 out of 33 MS with NPPs (operating and / or shut down) have either requested or hosted an IRRS mission 28 Initial and 15 Follow up IRRS Missions were conducted from 2006 to 2015 Add data for IRRS Reports

Self-Assessment Tools Self-Assessment of Regulatory Infrastructure for Safety (SARIS) Focused on countries with established nuclear power programmes Question-sets based on safety requirements About 560 questions for preparation of IRRS Recently revised Integrated Review of Infrastructure for Safety (IRIS) Focused on countries embarking on nuclear power programmes Question-sets based on 200 SSG-16 Actions For each Action: Primary question (yes/no) Subsidiary questions to assist creation of national action plan

SSG-16 organizes 11 thematic modules Capacity Building Education and Training Strategy Member States’ taking ownership of developing and implementing a national strategy Objective Sustainability of national programs Train the trainers Self-learning and training courses Scope Safety infrastructure for nuclear power program SSG-16 organizes 11 thematic modules

Basic Safety Training Scope Focus Basic safety concepts and their application to NPPs, Research Reactors and Fuel Cycle Facilities Focus Basic principles and key issues of importance to nuclear safety Radiation protection in nuclear facilities Design of a nuclear reactor, interfaces with security; Safety classification of structures, systems and components Deterministic accident analysis and probabilistic safety analysis Links between probabilistic, deterministic analysis and risk informed decision making Siting and environmental impact assessment Operational safety, including operational feedback Limiting conditions for operation Public communication

Basic Professional Training Course Nuclear Safety Designed to provide a broad overview of all the safety concepts and their application to nuclear power plants and research reactors design and operation Intended for junior professionals recently involved in nuclear safety-related activities and highly specialized professionals who lack a broader view of nuclear safety. Reviewed and revised into a 23 module course, incorporating the latest IAEA Safety Standards. Designed to be delivered in 1 month (short course) or 3 months (long course) The BPTC has been used all over the world and part of it has been translated into various languages. The new material includes textbooks, case studies and examples of questions.

Inspector Workshop Objective Learning aspects Hands-on training programme to provide an introduction on inspection skills and methods Designed to place participants in simulated, real-life scenarios Learning aspects Fundamentals of inspection An overview of the basic information required for inspections How to perform general plant walk-down inspections How to perform basic system walk-down inspections How to conduct maintenance inspections 4 workshops were successfully implemented so far.

International cooperation Regulatory Cooperation Forum IAEA regional networks Asian Nuclear Safety Network (ANSN) Arab Network of Nuclear Regulators (ANNuR) Forum for Nuclear Regulatory Bodies in Africa (FNRBA) Ibero-American Forum of Nuclear and Radiation Safety and Security Regulatory Agencies (FORO) IAEA Technical Cooperation Practical collaboration among IAEA frameworks, EC and WANO to enhance nuclear safety in more effective and efficient way IAEA appreciates significant support received from extra-budgetary contributions

Summary A nuclear power programme is a major undertaking that requires careful planning, preparation and investment Safety is the national responsibility and cannot be outsourced IAEA provides assistance with regulatory infrastructure development for safety through: Assisting in implementation of legal instruments Publishing international recognized standards and providing for their implementation Facilitating international collaboration to strengthen safety Fostering exchange of experience among regulators Supporting embarking Member States in a systematic and coordinated manner Measurable achievement in strengthening nuclear safety and enhancing regulatory effectiveness globally More than 70 IRRS missions conducted since 2006 High level of implementation of recommendations and suggestions

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