The study of the body’s immune system and the cellular components Immunohematology The study of the body’s immune system and the cellular components

Immunology in the Clinical Laboratory Detecting Antibodies to infectious diseases Detecting Microorganisms using commercial antibodies Using AB/Ag reactions to detect hormones, drugs Type blood and tissue Evaluate patient immune function involving recurring infections Detecting subsets of cells by detecting cell markers

Lymphoid tissues Primary lymphatic organs: Thymus and Bone Marrow Secondary Lymphatic organs: Tonsils, spleen. Lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches

Natural Immunity Non specific Primary: Our natural defenses Mechanical (Skin, mucous membranes, chemical secretions Chemical (Low pH of the stomach secretions, Lyzozyme) Normal Flora

Natural Immunity Non Specific Secondary: happens when something ‘gets past’ the primary Chemical mediators Inflammation Cytokines “pus” This form of immunity has no memory

Inflammtion First there is tissue damage Inflammation can also help to initiate the ‘specific immune response through the interaction of macrophages and lymphocytes. First there is tissue damage Damaged tissues release chemical like histamine Then capillary vessels become leaky, also attracts phagocytic cells to the site Complement involvement (lysis) Cytokines (recruiting ‘natural killer cells i.e. neutophils)

Acquired Immunity This is the specific immune response that is enlisted when the non specific fails. This type of immunity includes lymphocytes and highly specific antibodies. Three characteristics of acquired immunity are : Recognition Specificity Memory

Natural versus Acquired Immunity

Simplified view of Humoral Immune response

Basic Function of Antibody

Cell Mediated Immunity

Neutrophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte This project was funded at $3,000,000 (100% of its total cost) from a grant awarded under the Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grants, as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. Rogue Community College is an equal opportunity employer/program. Auxiliary aids and services, alternate form and language services are available to individuals with disabilities and limited English proficiency free of cost upon request.   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.