Painting- Terms: Psalter Gesso Tempera Annunciation Lamentation

Stained glass- Created during architectural boom Integral part of Gothic architecture Consist of hundreds of small pieces of tinted glass held together with strips of lead Abstract, ornamental style Stained glass, Bourges Cathedral, c.1220

Shows geometric plans of stained glass Challenge to fill large spaces with very logical designs Villard de Honnecourt, Wheel of Fortune, c.1240

Illumination became secular- workshops instead of monasteries Illuminated manuscripts took the place of stained glass, reflects same style Symmetrical framework Modeling on figures created 3-d effect except for contours which flatten- dark lines Illumination became secular- workshops instead of monasteries Psalter of St. Louis, c. 1260

Italy- Strongly influenced by both Byzantine and Northern Carolingian Art mixed to make Medieval Panel paintings, mosaics, murals Tempera Egg-based medium Dries quickly Tough surface, covered w/ gold leaf Preparation is time consuming Prepped with gesso- glue/plaster mix Thin layers with fine brushes Few corrections allowed Cimabue-(1250-1300) Florence -severe design and expressions -geometric quality Cimabue, Madonna Enthroned, c. 1280-90

Duccio, Madonna Enthroned, Maestra Altar, 1308-11 Sienna rather than Florence- different style. Similar to Cimabue but many changes -drapery is soft and flowing -figures are rounder, more 3-dimensional -”naturalness” of baby -communication between glances

Duccio Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin, Maestra Altar 1308-11 First example of figures enclosed in an architectural interior. Where did they come up with this idea???

What keeps this painting from looking realistic? Duccio, Christ Entering Jerusalem Maestra Altar 1308-11 Architecture creates space- like architectural housing of Gothic sculptures Illusionism borrowed from Romans What keeps this painting from looking realistic?

Giotto, Arena Chapel, 1305-06 Giotto Florentine Less close to Greek style Monumental rather than panel painter-frescos More simple than Duccio Frescos allowed for more limited range of color Far greater impact-viewer is closer to event First painter to establish a relationship between artwork and its viewer

Giotto v. Duccio Giotto, Christ Entering Jerusalem 1305-06 Duccio, Christ Entering Jerusalem

The era of painting began with Giotto. Giotto’s paintings have an “inner coherence” that hasn’t been seen before Point of view Simplification Eyes rest on action, they do not move around 3-dimensional reality Figures rather than architecture create the space Giotto, Lamentation 1305-06 The era of painting began with Giotto.

Cimabue Giotto, Madonna Enthroned, c. 1310

Who has this artist studied? S. Martini, The Road to Calvary, 1340

The Lorenzetti Brothers Attention to every day life Solutions for problems of space Combination between figural and architectural space Pietro Lorenzetti, The Birth of the Virgin, 1342

Teeming with activity, reality exists because of the scale of buildings to people. Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Good Government in the City, 1338-40 Palazzo Pubblico, Sienna

Jean Pucelle, Betrayal of Christ and Annunciation, 1325-28 Illuminated manuscripts- north of the Alps -influence of Italians is definite...

Influences from Italy Richness of color Architectural interior Modeling and overlapping Bohemian Master, Death of the Virgin, 1350-60

International style- Blending of Northern and Italian traditions Melchior Broederlam- picture space is not as advanced as Italians, but there is a deep sense of space- Modeling is more advanced -loosely flowing drapery (like sculptures) -”realism of particulars” Broederlam, Annunciation and Visitation, 1394-99

Limbourg Brothers- Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry Most advanced paintings of International style Changing nature and the labors of the month February is the earliest snow scene in the history of western art Harmony of architecture and landscape October is the first cast shadows since Greece Shows differences between peasants and aristocracy January- life of the nobility, individual portraits Limbourg Brothers, February, 1413-16

October January

Gentile da Fabriano- greatest Italian painter of the International style- What makes this an International Style painting? Fabriano, Adoration of the Magi, 1423