JAZZ AGE- Time of Turmoil SEC. 24-1 Pages 700-703 Define: capitalism – communism- anarchist – deport Identify: Red Scare – Sacco & Vanzetti – Atty. Gen. A. Mitchell Palmer – A. Philip Randolph- Calvin Coolidge - Marcus Garvey Explain factors that contributed to prejudice toward foreigners. Discuss how labor and racial unrest of the 1920s affected the US

Fear of Radicalism Americans grew suspicious of foreigners, ideas and those who held different views Russian (Bolshevik)Revolution urged workers to overthrow capitalism –economic system based on private property and free enterprise. Russia had communism – economic system and political system based on one-party gov’t and state (gov’t) collective ownership of property. Anarchists (people who believe there should be no government) began bombing areas in US. – homes of public officials (Mitchell Palmer).

Red Scare Period when US gov’t went after “Reds” (Communists) or others with radical views Atty. Gen. A. Mitchell Palmer and deputy J. Edgar Hoover(future FBI director) ordered arrests of Communists and anarchists. Raids on their headquarters and homes did not turn up weapons. Civil rights denied – arrest with no warrant, denied representation, high bail Government deported (expelled from country) hundreds.

SUMMARIZE What vocab word means an economic system based on private property and free enterprise? What vocab term means a person who believes there should be no government? Who were “Reds”? Who was the Attorney General in the 1920s? Whom did he arrest? What vocab word means to expel from a country?

Sacco-Vanzetti Trial Italian immigrants arrested for robbery/murder in Mass. Neither men had criminal record – both were anarchists. Sacco owned pistol similar to murder weapon. Judge Webster Thayer prejudiced towards anarchists. Both were tried and convicted in July 1921. Little evidence had been given. Executed in 1927 – riots broke out 1977- Exonerated (declared innocent) by Mass. governor

Labor Unrest After WWI, workers went on strike for higher wages. Americans began to mistrust unions. Sept.1919 – Steel industry demanded 8 hr day and higher wages. Company accused strikers of being Reds – violence broke out. 1920- Boston police demanded right to form union. Mass. Gov. Calvin Coolidge said “There is no right to strike against the public by anybody, anywhere, anytime. Officials fired entire police force. Union membership declined.

Racial Unrest A. Philip Randolph (future civil rights leader) - started Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters – mostly African-American railroad workers Northern whites resented Afr.- Amer. who moved north for jobs during WWI. By 1919, riots broke out in Chicago.

Marcus Garvey Marcus Garvey urged “Back to Africa” movement – leave racially segregated US to start own country in Africa. Idea failed. Founded Universal Negro Improvement Assoc. to promote racial unity and pride- organized rallies and parades – helped African-Americans start businesses

SUMMARIZE Who were the Italian immigrants accused of murder/robbery in Massachusetts? Who was the judge in the case? Was he fair? What was the outcome of the case? What areas were striking in the early 1920s? Who was Mass. Governor who said there was no right to strike anywhere by anyone? Who started the “Back to Africa” program? Who started the union for Afr.- Amer. RR workers and later became a civil rights leader?