Language of Anatomy

What do these words mean?? ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY

Anatomy The study of the shape and structure of the body AND their relationship to each other - 2 bones meet = a joint. Examples: AND

Physiology The study of how the body works or functions. Examples: What functions are these 2 pictures showing?

Examples: Write anatomy or physiology next to the descriptions 1. Viewing an x-ray for broken bones. 2. Drawing blood from a patient. 3. Listening to a patient’s heart. 4. Viewing blood flowing through blood vessels. 5. Breast examination for lumps. 6. Testing urine for the presence of sugar.

Anatomical Position What do you notice about the body’s position?

Anatomical Position Body is erect (head straight ahead) Arms are at sides Hands facing forward Feet together

Which picture(s) demonstrates anatomical position? 1 2 3 4 5

Which diagram(s) are in Anatomical Position

Why is it important to have anatomical position? To accurately describe body parts/position Initial reference point Avoid confusion Used by all medical personnel Used with directional terms

Directional Terms

Opposites Superior (above) and Inferior (below) Anterior (front) and Posterior (behind) Medial (middle) and Lateral (side) Superficial (surface) and Deep (inside)

- more to the back or behind D. Medial Superior - higher than another structure (closer to head) B. Anterior -more in front of another structure C. Posterior - more to the back or behind D. Medial -structure closer to the midline E. Lateral - structure that is further away from mid-line

F. Proximal - closer to root of limb (point of attachment) G. Distal - farther away from limb (point of attachment) H. Inferior - below another structure (closer to the feet) I. Superficial - closer to the surface of the body J. Deep - away from the surface of the body (internal)

Choose a body part that fits the directional term Superior - Inferior - Anterior - Posterior - Medial - Lateral - Superficial - Deep -

Choose the body part that best fits the directional term Superior – chest or abdominal region Inferior – foot or knee Anterior – nose or mouth Posterior – shoulder blades or breast bone Medial – upper arm or armpit Lateral – nose or cheeks Superficial – skin or muscle Deep – skull or brain

Why is it important to have directional terms? Precise Avoids confusion Used by all medical personnel and anatomists world wide to explain: To explain EXACTLY where 1 structure is in relation to another structure

The head is _________ to the abdominal region. 2. The chest is __________ to the shoulder blades (back). 3. The buttock is _________ to the genital region. 4. The breast bone is ______to the breasts. 5. The cheeks are ________to the nose. 6. The wrist is ______________ to the hand. 7. The ankle is ________________ to the foot. 8. The belly button is ________ to the neck. 9. The skin is ______________ to the heart. 10. The heart is __________ to the ribs.

The head is superior to the abdominal region. 2. The chest is anterior to the shoulder blades (back). 3. The buttock is posterior to the genital region. 4. The breast bone is medial to the breasts. 5. The cheeks are lateral to the nose. 6. The wrist is proximal to the hand. 7. The ankle is distal to the foot. 8. The belly button is inferior to the neck. 9. The skin is superficial to the heart. 10. The heart is deep to the ribs.

Body planes

Body Planes A.Midsagittal Equal left and right body parts B. Sagittal Unequal right and left halves Parellel to midsagittal C.Frontal Front and back body parts D.Transverse Upper and lower body parts

Midsagittal

Transverse Plane

Frontal Plane

Can you name the 3 body planes? 1 2 3

What are Regional Terms? A way to organize structures by areas The names might reflect a structure found there (femoral = femur bone) Composed of many structures Representing many body systems