What is Chemistry? What role does chemistry play in Anatomy and Physiology? Copyright © Engage Learning. All rights reserved

Natural sciences Concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on observational and empirical evidence. Aurora, United States Air Force photo by Senior Airman Joshua Strang. 6 days-peach decomposition Andrew Dunn, http://www.andrewdunnphoto.com/ Copyright © Engage Learning. All rights reserved

Chemistry is central to all of the sciences. Before Natural sciences Physical sciences (non living things) Biological Sciences (living things) CHEMISTRY Now All matter consist of chemical structures Therefore No divisions between biological and physical sciences

Matter: All things that has mass and occupies space. It is the “stuff” of the universe It can be seen, smelled, and felt. It exists in solid, liquid, and gaseous states.

CHEMISTRY Study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the process that matter undergo, and the energy changes that accompany these process. What role does chemistry play in Anatomy and Physiology? Chemistry is essential for understanding anatomy and physiology because body structures and functions result from chemical changes within cells.

The Three States of Water Gas Solid Liquid Has definite volume but no specific shape. Assumes shape of container. Has no fixed volume or shape. Takes on the shape and volume of its container. Rigid Has fixed volume and shape. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

Physical and Chemical Changes Matter undergoes physical and chemical changes. A physical change involves a change in one or more physical properties but no change in composition. Points….Boiling Point, melting Point Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

Chemical Changes Fermentation, food digestion, metabolism. A chemical change transforms a substance into one or more new substances. Fermentation, food digestion, metabolism. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

Energy It is the ability to do work or to put matter into motion. The word energy comes from the Greek word “Energos” which means active It is the ability to do work or to put matter into motion. In contrast to matter, energy is massless and does not take up space. It can only be measured by its effects on matter Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Copyright © Engage Learning. All rights reserved

Types and Forms of Energy Gateway To Technology Unit 3– Lesson 3.1– Investigating Energy Kinetic Energy: Moving objects Potential Energy: Innactive or stored because of an object’s position. The two types of energy are kinetic and potential. Increase students’ awareness of kinetic energy by having them: -- Identify objects in motion around them -- Compare how various objects move (walk, roll, jump, etc.) -- Analyze whether stationary objects are really moving (i.e., a plant)

FORMS OF ENERGY Chemical Electrical Mechanical Radiant

Chemical Energy Energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances. When the bonds are broken the potential energy becomes in kinetic energy. Ex: All body activities are run by the chemical energy harvested from the foods we eat.

Electrical Energy? Energy caused by the movement of charged particles Easily transported through power lines and converted into other forms of energy. Ex: In our body an electrical current is generated when ions move across cell membranes.

Mechanical Energy? Energy due to a object’s motion (kinetic) or position (potential). Ex: As the muscles in your legs shorten, they pull on your bones, causing your limbs to move.

Radiant Energy Light energy, electromagnetic spectrum. Travel in waves Includes energy from gamma rays, x rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio bands. UV are responsible for that suntan we get at the beach but also estimulate our body to make Vitamn D.

Types and Forms of Energy Gateway To Technology Unit 3– Lesson 3.1– Investigating Energy Energy Conversion All forms of energy can be converted into other forms of energy. In the body, chemical energy of foods is trapped in the bonds of a high-energy chemical called ATP, and ATP may be transformed into electrical energy (nerve impulse) or mechanical energy (shortening muscles) For example: concentrated solar radiation is used as the energy source of high-temperature process heat for driving thermochemical reactions towards the production of storable and transportable fuels.