Chapter 3 Section 4 Southern Colonies

Maryland George Calvert, Lord Baltimore Catholic Wanted a safe place for Catholics who were persecuted in England Died before he received the grant His son, Cecilius, inherited the colony Named after the Virgin Mary.

Maryland Chesapeake Bay; up the Potomac River Fertile countryside Tobacco Corn Fruit Vegetables Livestock

Baltimore Main settlement of Maryland Had large estates for close relatives and aristocrats from England Promised 100 acres to each male settler, 100 for his wife, 100 for each servant, 50 for each child Also imported African slaves and indentured servants

MASON – DIXON LINE Calvert and Penn families argued over boundary between the colonies. 1760s; hired two British astronomers Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon Rocks were painted to create a visual boundary line Boundary line between the North and South Pennsylvania Maryland

ACT OF TOLERATION, 1649 Protestants outnumbered Catholics in Maryland Calvert had to create a law to protect the Catholics This law allowed Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely.

VIRGINIA EXPANDS Wealthy tobacco owners in Virginia had the best lands near the coast. New settlers were forced to move inland. Governor Berkeley sent explorers over the Blue Ridge Mountains to open up the Virginia territory. William Berkeley

BACON’S REBLLION Arrived at Jamestown when he was 26. Had gotten into a lot of trouble in England and his father hoped that sending him to Virginia would straighten him out. He was a cousin to the governor’s wife.

BACON’S REBELLION After only one year in Virginia, he became a member of the governor’s council. Previously, only wealthy land owners who had been in the colony for a period of time were allowed to be on the council.

BACON’S REBLLION Berkeley had told the Native Americans that the settlers would stay off their lands. Bacon, however, opposed the governor. Many refused to stay out of the lands in the west.

BACON’S REBELLION 1676 Bacon led a rebellion of westerners in an attack on Native American villages. Then, he set fire to the capital and drove Berkeley into exile. The rebellion ended when Bacon died. Showed that the colonists were not willing to be restricted to the coast.

CAROLINAS 1663 King Charles II created a large colony south of Virginia Named Carolina. This meant “Charles’ land.” 1680 – main settlement – Charles Town The colony eventually separated into North and South Carolina

CAROLINAS Settled mostly by farmers Grew tobacco and sold timber products Did not have a good harbor Relied on Virginia’s ports and merchants to conduct their trade North Carolina

CAROLINAS Fertile farmland Great harbor at Charles Town Eliza Lucas – page 89 Slave labor Island of Barbados Slaves were used to produce sugar on the island Worked rice fields in Carolina By 1708, more than half the people in southern Carolina were slaves South Carolina

GEORGIA James Oglethorpe A colony for English debtors and poor people could make a fresh start Also used as a buffer to the Spanish settlements in Florida Savannah – main settlement 1751 colony failed and was given back to the crown James Oglethorpe

NEW FRANCE Quebec Fur trapping Trade Fishing Built forts and trading posts Worked with the Native Americans and became friends No permanent settlements

NEW SPAIN Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America. Also expanded into western and southern parts of what would one day be the United States. 1609 / 1610 – established Santa Fe Spanish priests created a string of missions to Christianize the Indians

EUROPEAN CONFLICTS IN NORTH AMERICA Britain and Spain Britain and France France and Spain When fighting broke out in Europe, it would often break out between the colonists; especially those in Georgia and Florida