Software Development Approaches End-User Development Software Development Approaches

End-user Development The user customises applications themselves to suit their own needs. Off-the-shelf software packages are used They are usually databases or spreadsheets These use 4th generation languages which use human-like language. This makes it easier for the user to communicate with the computer. Interfaces are comparatively easy to design

Personnel There is little or no involvement of outside personnel The end user is the person responsible for customising the applications to suit their own needs

Advantages of End-User Development Very cheap compared to the other approaches – typically there are no outside personnel required The user is already familiar with the software so no further training is required 4G languages simplify the design and development process through the use of Report generators, Query language, Screen design Assuming the designer has sufficient skill, and the development platform is adequate, the user will get exactly what they want.

Disadvantages of End-User The program may not perform all of the required tasks either because: The end-user’s knowledge of the program is limited, or The application which has been customised has limitations The program are often not documented fully and so, if changes need to be made, the only person who can do this is the original developer The systems may work well for small scale tasks, but if the business expands, the solutions usually do not scale well.

Characteristics of end-User Development Comparatively short development time Cheaper than the other approaches No formal stages Often for the sole use of the person doing the customising Often used for a long time