JOB PRODUCTION One job is done at a time from start to completion before another ‘job’ is started One product is made at a time Eg house building, bridge construction, designer clothing Typical in smaller businesses which rely on individuality to sell their products SLIDE 3

JOB PRODUCTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Easy to organise staff Production costs are likely to be high as there are fewer economies of scale One-off orders can be easily accommodated Production time longer as individual needs have to be met Workers involved in entire production so they can see the end results Capital investment is higher since specialist machinery may be required SLIDE 3

BATCH PRODUCTION Involves all stages of production process being completed at the same time Products may be similar although different ingredients may be used for different products Found in the food business eg tinned foods (beans) but also construction (row of houses) SLIDE 3

BATCH PRODUCTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Allows flexible production Production runs of small batches are expensive to produce Stocks of partly finished goods can be stock piled and completed later, allowing a quick response to new orders If production runs are different from each other there may be extra costs and time delays in setting up different equipment SLIDE 3

FLOW PRODUCTION Common in a factory with a production line Product flows through various stages with parts being added at each stage Common in almost all stages of mass production where a standard product is being produced Continuous output of the same product Examples are car production and magazine printing SLIDE 3

FLOW PRODUCTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Economies of Scale Standard products may not suit all customers Automated production lines save time and money High costs to set up automated production lines Quality checking can be built into production Work can be repetitive and boring for workers If production runs are high, toO much may be produced SLIDE 3