CSNB153 COMPUTER SYSTEM CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CSNB153 computer system

Graphics and Multimedia Introduction A Computer.... takes input processes it according to stored instructions produces results as output 2015 Graphics and Multimedia

Graphics and Multimedia Introduction The word computer was taken from the Latin – Computare – which means ‘calculate’ . Computer is a machine that only can execute instructions that given by the user and operate the data base on the related instruction. The computer will process the data to produce information . 2015 Graphics and Multimedia

Computer Special Purpose (Embedded system) General Purpose (User Programmable) Preprogrammed Can be adapted to many situations Watches Traffic Signals Workstation PC Engine Management Television Mainframe Supercomputer Telephones Etc… 2015 Graphics and Multimedia

This course is about: Not: What computers consist of How computers work How they are organized internally What are the design tradeoffs How design affects programming and applications Not: How to fix computers How to build myself one real cheap 2015

What is Computer Organization? Electronic Devices Desired Behavior … a very wide semantic gap between the intended behavior and the workings of the underlying electronic devices that will actually do all the work. 2015 Graphics and Multimedia

Role of General Purpose Computers Organization & architecture software Electronic Devices General Purpose Computer Desired Behavior A general purpose computer is like an island that helps span the gap between the desired behavior (application) and the basic building blocks (electronic devices). 2015 Graphics and Multimedia

Systems and Networking Architecture Organization Attributes visible to the programmer or those attributes has direct impact on logical execution of a program Instruction set Number of bits used for data representation I/O mechanisms Addressing techniques Compatibility - Sharing basic architecture Intel x86 family IBM system / 370 family Implementing the features- operational units and their interconnection Control signals Interfaces Memory technology Organization differs between versions 2015 Systems and Networking

Structure Function Method in which components relates to each other how each component/unit of computer communicates with each other Operation of individual components as part of the structure 4 computer functions Data movement Control Data storage Data processing 2015

Functional View Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Storage Facility Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Figure 1: Four computer functions 2015

Systems and Networking Process data – the computer should be able to process data Store data – Even the computer is on the fly, data come in and get processed and the result go out immediately, the computer must store data temporarily at any given moment. 2015 Systems and Networking

Graphics and Multimedia Move data – The computer must be able to move data between itself and the outside world. When data are received and delivered to a device that is directly connected the a computer the process is known as I/O Control – Finally there must be a control of these three functions. Within the computer, a control unit manages the resources and coordinates the performance of its functional parts in response to the instruction. 2015 Graphics and Multimedia

a) Data Movement Operating Environment Data Storage Facility Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Figure 2: Four computer functions – Data Movement 2015

b) Storage Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Storage Facility Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Figure 3: Four computer functions - Storage 2015

c) Processing - Storage Data Storage Facility Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Figure 4: Four computer functions – Processing from/to Storage 2015

d) Processing: Storage – I/O Data Storage Facility Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Figure 5: Four computer functions – Storage to I/O 2015

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Structure – Top Level Recap: Method in which components relates to each other Computer Peripherals Central Processing Unit (CPU) Main Memory Computer Systems Interconnection (example : system bus) Input Output Communication lines 2015

Graphics and Multimedia Central Processing Unit To process data and control the computer operations. Main Memory To keep data during process. Systems Interconnection The mechanism which is use to communicate between CPU, main memory and I/O. Input Output To move data and information between computer and external environment 2015 Graphics and Multimedia

Structure – Computer > CPU Main Memory Central Processing Unit (CPU) Registers Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Systems Interconnection Internal CPU Interconnection Input Output Control Unit 2015

Structure – Computer > CPU Registers : Provide storage internal to the CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) : Performs the computer’s data processing functions Control Unit : Control the operations of the CPU CPU Interconnections : provide mechanism for communication among CU, ALU and registers Registers Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Internal CPU Interconnection Control Unit 2015