Institute of Energy and Environment & Institute of Geosciences – USP The Paleozoic shales of Paraná and Parnaíba basins, Brazil, and their potential for shale gas Claudio Riccomini riccomin@usp.br Institute of Energy and Environment & Institute of Geosciences – USP

Top 10 countries with technically recoverable shale oil resources Top 10 countries with technically recoverable shale gas resources Rank Country Shale oil (bbl) Shale gas ( tcf) 1 Russia 75 China 1,115 2 US* 58 (48)* Argentina 802 3 32 Algeria 707 4 27 665 (1,161) 5 Libya 26 Canada 573 6 Venezuela 13 Mexico 545 7 Australia 437 8 Pakistan 9 South Africa 390 285 10 Indonesia Brazil 245 World Total 345 (335) 7 299 (7795) *EIA estimates used for ranking order. API estimates in parenthesis

Brazil’s dry natural gas production and consumption (TCF)

Why? large, intracratonic basins stratigraphy rocks (shale) structure infrastructure

PPaara Parnaíba Basin Silurian to Jurassic

PPaara Parnaíba Basin Silurian to Jurassic ~600,000 sq km

PPaara Parnaíba Basin Silurian to Jurassic ~600,000 sq km ~3,500 m thickness of sedimentary and volcanic rocks

Geologic section – Parnaíba Basin (after Góes et al. 1993)

Stratigraphic chart of the Parnaíba Basin (after Vaz et al. 2007)

PPaara Paraná Basin Late Ordovician to Early Cretaceous

PPaara Paraná Basin Late Ordovician to Early Cretaceous ~1,000,000 sq km in Brazil

PPaara Paraná Basin Late Ordovician to Early Cretaceous ~1,000,000 sq km in Brazil >7,000 m thickness of sedimentary and volcanic rocks

Stratigraphic chart of the Paraná Basin (after Milani et al. 2007)

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ANP (2003)

Previous evaluations for shale gas:

Stratigraphic chart of the Parnaíba Basin (after Vaz et al. 2007)

Shale, Pimenteiras Formation, Parnaíba Basin Cardona (2015)

Pimenteiras Formation – organic-rich shale Isoliths (m) TOC (wt%)

ANP (2012)

Pimenteiras Fm. 64 Tcf Barnett Shale as analog (ANP 2011)

Stratigraphic chart of the Paraná Basin (after Milani et al. 2007)

~300 m thick (average) TOC up to 4.6%, typically 1.5% - 2.5% 81 Tcf of shale gas

Other targets:

Pimenteiras Stratigraphic chart of the Parnaíba Basin (after Vaz et al. 2007)

Longá Pimenteiras Stratigraphic chart of the Parnaíba Basin (after Vaz et al. 2007)

Shale, Longá Formation, Parnaíba Basin Cardona (2015)

Longá Formation Cardona (2015)

Longá Shale: area: ~100,000 sq km average thickness of shale: 20 m average TOC: 0.5 % (5 scf/ton) estimation of gas content: 22 TCF

Stratigraphic chart of the Paraná Basin (after Milani et al. 2007)

Irati Ponta Grossa Stratigraphic chart of the Paraná Basin (after Milani et al. 2007)

Serra Alta Irati

Events chart (Araújo et al. 2000)

Events chart (Araújo et al. 2000)

Mateus et al. (2014)

Events chart (Araújo et al. 2000)

Organic carbon distribution in the Irati Shale (Assistência Formation) (Araújo et al. 2000) Residual Reconstituted

Tohver et al. (2013)

Irati Shale: area: ~200,000 sq km with TOC > 2% average thickness of shale: 30 m average TOC: 2.2 % (20 scf/ton) estimation of gas content: 264 TCF

Serra Alta Irati

Serra Alta Irati Ponta Grossa Stratigraphic chart of the Paraná Basin (after Milani et al. 2007)

Warren et al. (2015)

Warren et al. (2015)

Serra Alta Shale: area: >20,000 sq km average thickness of shale: 20 m TOC: 0.1 - 0.5% (Teixeira 2014)

Impact on groundwater: The Guarany Aquifer

Guarany Aquifer Irati Ponta Grossa Stratigraphic chart of the Paraná Basin (after Milani et al. 2007)

Isopach map of the stratigraphic section contained between the base of the Serra Alta Formation and the top of the Permian sucession (contours in meters), after Zalán et al. (1990).

Isopach map of the stratigraphic section contained between the base of the Serra Alta Formation and the top of the Permian sucession (contours in meters), after Zalán et al. (1990). TOC (Araújo et al. 2000)

Impact on Guarany Aquifer: Distance of Irati Shale to the base of Guarany Aquifer varies from ~600 to 1200 m in the region of high TOC (>3%).

Brazilian sedimentary basins The knowledge that must be improved:

Stratigraphy Sequence stratigraphy approach (seismic survey, drilling, field survey

Stratigraphic chart – Paraná Basin (Holz et al. 2010)

Structure Seismic survey, field survey

Seismic section, eastern part of the Paraná Basin Campos et al. (2008)