September 14, 2017 Complete warm-up activity (puzzle side only – other side is for notes) Last chance to turn in Sub Packet, Element Builder GIZMO, and/or Heat Transfer lab Keep sub packet out when returned for review HOMEWORK: Complete unfinished classwork. Read ch 11 & 12 (if you haven’t). Review & organize notes. USA Test Prep due next Friday. Candy lab tomorrow if you still want to donate.

Helium He Neon Ne Argon Ar Hydrogen H Lithium Li Sodium Na Which elements had complete outer shells? Give the name and symbol for each. ________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____ What do you notice about the location of these elements? 2. Which elements had only one valence electron? Give the name and symbol for each. Helium He Neon Ne Argon Ar The elements are in the same column at the far right side of the table. Hydrogen H Lithium Li Sodium Na The elements are in the same column at the far left side of the table.

Na Mg  Al  Si  P  S  Cl  Ar 3. What do you notice about the number of valence electrons as you move from left to right across a row or period in the periodic table? Na Mg  Al  Si  P  S  Cl  Ar 4. What do you notice about the number of energy levels or shells as you move down a group or column in the periodic table? H  Li Na Na – 1 Mg – 2 Al – 3 Si – 4 The number of valence electrons increases by one as you move across each column. H – 1 Li – 2 Na - 3 The number of energy levels increases by one as you move down each row.

Boron Family - 3 valence electrons Halides - 7 valence electrons 5. Write the name of each family at the top of the columns on your periodic table using the following information. Alkali Metals - 1 valence electron Nitrogen Family - 5 valence electrons Alkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons Oxygen Family - 6 valence electrons Boron Family - 3 valence electrons Halides - 7 valence electrons Carbon Family - 4 valence electrons Noble Gases - Complete outermost shell Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halides Noble Gases 6. What do you notice about the location of the elements in each family? The elements in each family are in the same columns.

? 7. In what family would you classify hydrogen? Explain. Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halides Noble Gases ? 7. In what family would you classify hydrogen? Explain. Alkali Metals – Hydrogen has only one valence electron so it could be classified with the alkali metals. OR Halides – Hydrogen only needs one more valence electron to fill its outer shell so it could be classified with the halides.

Alkaline Earth Metals Carbon Family Halide Alkali Metals 8. In what family would each of these elements be classified? Radium - ________________________ Tin - ________________________ Iodine - ________________________ Cesium - ________________________ Alkaline Earth Metals Carbon Family Halide Alkali Metals Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halides Noble Gases

Barium = _____ Lead = _____ Bismuth = _____ Potassium = _____ 10. Predict the number of valence electrons for each element based on its location in the Periodic Table of Elements. You will need to use the table in your textbook. Barium = _____ Lead = _____ Bismuth = _____ Potassium = _____ 2 4 5 1

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET Group name & number Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type Physical Characteristics

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons Group number & name Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type Physical Characteristics

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type Physical Characteristics

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type Physical Characteristics

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type Physical Characteristics

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type Physical Characteristics

nonmetals metals PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type Physical Characteristics nonmetals metals

metalloids PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET nonmetals metals 1 2  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids

luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metalloids metals luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators Si = semiconductor luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious

colorless odorless gases PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

Ions An atom (or group of atoms) with a net positive or negative charge How? By gaining or losing electrons

2 types of Ions cation positive ion more protons than electrons

2 types of ions cation positive ion more protons than electrons anion negative ion more electrons than protons

Octet Rule (Magic Number 8) Atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons in order to: acquire a full set of valence electrons attain the electron structure of the nearest noble gas.

Noble gases don’t usually make ions Noble gases don’t usually make ions. They already have the stable configuration. (the Magic Number 8) Except Helium!!!

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- Ion Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- Ion 1+ Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- Ion 1+ 2+ Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- lose 3 e- Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- lose 3 e- C, Si share only Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- lose 3 e- C, Si share only gain 3e- or share Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ 3- Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- lose 3 e- C, Si share only gain 3e- or share gain 2e- or share Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ 3- 2- Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- lose 3 e- C, Si share only gain 3e- or share gain 2e- or share gain 1e- or share Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1- Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- lose 3 e- C, Si share only gain 3e- or share gain 2e- or share gain 1e- or share nothing (octet present) Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1- none Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- lose 3 e- C, Si share only gain 3e- or share gain 2e- or share gain 1e- or share nothing (octet present) Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ cations anions 3- 2- 1- none Bond Type nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

Ionic Bonding Electron transfer – electron is given or taken Results in opposite ions that attract each other. Always a metal & a nonmetal

Covalent Bonding Electron sharing Both nuclei are attracted to the shared electrons Usually nonmetal & nonmetal

Metallic Bonding Valence electrons are free to move through the three-dimensional structure of the metal in a giant electron cloud. The bond is the attraction of the nuclei for this “sea of valence electrons”. Metal & metal

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- Al lose 3 e- C, Si share only gain 3e- or share gain 2e- or share gain 1e- or share nothing (octet present) Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ cations anions 3- 2- 1- none Bond Type ionic nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- Al lose 3 e- C, Si share only gain 3e- or share gain 2e- or share gain 1e- or share nothing (octet present) Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ cations anions 3- 2- 1- none Bond Type ionic covalent nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- Al lose 3 e- C, Si share only gain 3e- or share gain 2e- or share gain 1e- or share nothing (octet present) Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ cations anions 3- 2- 1- none Bond Type ionic metallic covalent nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- Al lose 3 e- C, Si share only gain 3e- or share gain 2e- or share gain 1e- or share nothing (octet present) Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ cations anions 3- 2- 1- none Bond Type ionic metallic covalent (every-thing) nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

PERIODIC TABLE DATA SHEET  group, family: same number of valence electrons  period, series: same number of principle energy levels Group number & name 1 alkali 2 alkaline earth 3-12 transition element 13 14 15 16 17 halogen 18 noble gases colorless odorless gases Gain, Lose or Share e- lose 1 e- lose 2 e- Al lose 3 e- C, Si share only gain 3e- or share gain 2e- or share gain 1e- or share nothing (octet present) Ion 1+ 2+ 3+ cations anions 3- 2- 1- none Bond Type ionic metallic covalent (every-thing) inert nonmetals Physical Characteristics metals metalloids dull, brittle, insulators metalloids luster, conductors (heat & electricity), ductile, malleable, tenacious Si = semiconductor

Can you predict the bond type from the placement of elements on the periodic table?