Mixtures Matter Elements Compounds Pure Substances Homogenous Mixture Heterogenous Mixture

Matter is classified as follows… Pure Substance Mixture Heterogenous Element Homogenous “Solution” Compound

Matter Matter is made up of atoms. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Types of Matter…

____Mixtures____ Two or more substances that are physically combined. There are two major categories of mixtures: - Homogenous - Heterogenous

A mixture that has a uniform structure or composition throughout. Homogenous Mixtures: A mixture that has a uniform structure or composition throughout.

Examples of Homogenous Mixtures: Milk Coffee Air Sugar dissolved in water Stainless steel

Heterogenous Mixtures: A mixture that does not appear to be the same throughout.

Examples of Heterogenous Mixtures: Chocolate chip cookie Pizza Granite Blood

____Pure Substances____ A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties. There are two major categories of pure substances: - Elements - Compounds

Element: A substance that cannot be separated or broken down by chemical means. It is made up of all the same type atom.

Oxygen gas (O2) Hydrogen gas (H2) Gold (Au) Examples of Elements: Oxygen gas (O2) Hydrogen gas (H2) Gold (Au)

Made from two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. Compound: Made from two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. Sugar

Examples of Compounds: Water (H2O) Salt (NaCl) Glucose (C6H12O6)

Matter has both physical and chemical properties. Properties of Matter… Matter has both physical and chemical properties.

Physical Properties: Shape Luster Texture Magnetism Observable traits Color Odor Mass Volume Density Boiling Point Melting Point Malleability Ductility Shape Luster Texture Magnetism Electrical Conductivity

Reactivity Combustibility Flammability Chemical Properties: Reactivity Combustibility Flammability

Matter and Change… Matter can undergo a physical or chemical change.

Definition of a Physical Change: A change of matter from one form to another without a change in it’s chemical composition.

Examples of Physical Changes: Phase change - Melting - Freezing - Condensing - Vaporizing Breaking Separating Crushing Dissolving Rolling Stretching Folding

Definition of a Chemical Change: A chemical change happens during a chemical reaction. Bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. The composition of a substance is changed.

Indicators that a chemical change has occurred: New product is formed Color change Odor change Change in temperature: heat absorbed or lost Precipitate Light or sound given off Bubbling Smoking

Examples of Chemical Changes: Burning Digesting Fermenting Photosynthesizing Exploding Ripening/ Spoiling/ Souring Molding Baking/Cooking Oxidizing/ Rusting/Tarnishing Decomposing