Development

Question 1 A child believes that all birds can fly, yet comes to realize that a penguin is a bird. Which of the following terms was used by Jean Piaget to refer to this developmental process of changing one’s ways of thinking in order to incorporate new information? (A) Accommodation (B) Egocentrism (C) Formal operational thought (D) Assimilation (E) Concrete operational thought

Question 2 A nine-year-old girl first learning about her capabilities on the playground and in the classroom would be in which of Erikson’s stages of development? A. Industry vs. inferiority B. Identity vs. role confusion C. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt D. Integrity vs. despair E. Trust vs. mistrust

Question 3 According to Lawrence Kohlberg, children at the first level of moral reasoning make judgments about right and wrong on the basis of (A) Cultural Norms (B) Social Conventions (C) Religious Beliefs (D) The Likelihood Of Punishment (E) The Approval Of Siblings And Same-Sex Peers

Question 4 A mother gives her child an orange for the first time. The child rolls it across the table and says, “ball.” Which of the following Piagetian processes would account for this behavior? (A) Seriation (B) Accommodation (C) Reversal (D) Assimilation (E) Conservation

Question 5 The correlations between the IQ scores of identical twins reared apart are lower than those of identical twins reared together. This difference is best explained by which of the following? A. Heredity plays an important role in determining IQ. B. Environment plays an important role in determining IQ. C. Heredity plays no role in determining IQ. D. Environment plays no role in determining lQ. E. Heredity and environment play an equal role in determining IQ.

Question 6 A schema can be described as A. an outer layer of the eye B. a mental construct C. a fissure between lobes of the brain D. an optical illusion E. a fixed response to a particular stimulus

Question 7 Which Piagetian stage of cognitive development is characterized by mastery of conservation tasks? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operations D. Formal operations E. Tertiary circular reactions  

Question 8 . In a famous series of experiments conducted by Harry Harlow, infant monkeys were separated from their mothers at birth. The infants were then given two surrogate mothers (a terry-cloth “mother” and a wire “mother”), each of which alternately had a nursing bottle that provided food to the infants. The experimental results showed that in frightening situations the infant monkeys (A) were more likely to become aggressive toward the wire mother than toward the terry-cloth mother (B) failed to seek out either of the mothers because of their lack of experience in seeking contact comfort (C) preferred the wire mother, even when the terry-cloth mother had the nursing bottle (D) preferred the terry-cloth mother even when the wire mother had the nursing bottle (E) would run and cling to whichever mother had the nursing bottle

Question 9 The most well-adjusted and socially competent children tend to come from homes where parents employ which of the following parental styles? (A) Minimal supervision (B) Authoritarian (C) Authoritative (D) Indulgent (E) Permissive  

Question 10 A baby looks under the sofa for a ball that has just rolled underneath it. According to Jean Piaget, the baby’s action shows development of A. conservation of mass reversibility B. object permanence C. logical thinking D. metacognition

Answers 1.A 2. A 3. D 4.D 5. E 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B