Warm Up – 2/10/17 What was taking place in Europe that influenced Europeans to explore and seek out new lands?

Age of Exploration (1400s-1700s) What were the political, economic, and religious reasons for European exploration beginning in the 1400s?

Marco Polo 1271 – Traveled to China along the Silk Road First to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience The Travels of Marco Polo, c. 1300 Introduces Europeans to Central Asia and China…..inspires others to explore

Motives for Exploration Search for new trade routes wanted to find a quicker way to Asia Desire for new products Crusades and travels of Marco Polo stimulated an interest in Asian goods Technology improved Cartography – map making Magnetic compass, Astrolobe – calculates latitude Caravel – ships can sail into wind, lightweight Religion Christian rulers wanted to spread religion

Effects of Exploration Native American civilizations destroyed European diseases killed millions of Native Americans European powers built extensive overseas empires Large numbers of Europeans moved to Americas Native American crops (corn, potato, tomato) brought to Europe [Colombian Exchange] Demand for African slaves increased Capitalism expanded with growth of trade Cultural exchanges occurred [cultural diffusion]

First to seek eastern route to Asia Portugal First to seek eastern route to Asia

Portugal Prince Henry the Navigator Leads European exploration Heard tales of gold in Africa 1419 – set up school and naval observatory Employs cartographers, scientists, shipbuilders, train crews (long voyages)

Portugal Bartholomeu Dias Rounded southern tip of Africa – 1488 Cape of Good Hope Opened sea route to Asia

Portugal Vasco da Gama First European to reach India by sea Establishes Portuguese settlements Goa and Calicut

Portugal Pedro Cabral Discovered Brazil

Focus on exploration in the last decade of the 15th century Spain Focus on exploration in the last decade of the 15th century

Spain Christopher Columbus Italian navigator Sails for Spain* (Ferdinand & Isabella) Believed reach Asia (East Indies) by going west Underestimates the size of the earth 3 voyages between 1492-1498

Columbian Exchange Results Widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, people, diseases, technology, and ideas between the New and Old world Results Colonization of North America Increases the population in Europe – better diet Wipesout civilizations – Incas, Aztecs Native American population decreases Disease and labor Leads to slave trade in Africa and the Americas

Spain Ferdinand Magellan First voyage around the world

Conquistadors: Spanish Explorers Goal: to pioneer the “New World” for Spain

The Three G’s of Exploration God, Gold, Glory

Hernando Cortes Conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1519 Introduced new language & religion Spanish and Christianity

Francisco Pizarro Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru in 1533

Juan Ponce de Leon Led the first European expedition to Florida

Line of Demarcation Divides non-European world into two sections Spain – land to the west Portugal – land to the east

Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494 Finalized the Line of Demarcation

The Legacy of the Age of Exploration

Imperialism Domination by one country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Causes Economic Social Political Need for raw materials created by Industrial Revolution Desire for place to invest excess capital Drive to spread Christianity [White Man’s Burden] Rule by strongest and fittest- need to spread superior culture [Social Darwinism] Desire for great power status Competitive drive to gain control of an area (for military) before a rival could do so

Positive Effects Built roads, railroads, and bridges Education improved Improved medical care Food supply increased Brought stability and unification to some areas Created industries, improved standard of living

Negative Effects People with common backgrounds separated Natural resources exploited Native cultures damaged Promoted racism Economic self-sufficiency lost Destroyed traditional patterns of trade Cash crop overemphasized Family life disrupted Introduced Western vices and diseases