PRENATAL TESTING, INC. New Employee Training Day “We serve you and your chromosomes” New Employee Training Day

Prenatal testing: Pre= before, natal= birth Testing a baby’s chromosomes before birth to see if it will be born with any abnormalities

Why do tests? Our MISSION. To make sure the baby is healthy To check for genetic disorders

How do perform prenatal tests? Amniocentesis 1. Draw amniotic fluid 2. Put amniotic fluid in a test tube.

How do perform prenatal tests? Amniocentesis 3. Observe through a microscope

Karyotype: A picture is taken of a person’s chromosomes – a karyotype

Karyotype:

Karyotype: An organized picture showing all of a person’s chromosomes

Why do tests? Will be 35 or older when they deliver. Doctors generally offer prenatal tests to women with an increased risk of having a baby with particular disorders, including those who: Will be 35 or older when they deliver. Have a close relative with a disorder. Had a previous pregnancy or baby affected by a disorder. Have test results that may indicate an abnormality.

As a trainee, you will answer complete the training questions. Show me your completed sheet and get your stamp and Certificate. As a doctor, you will analyze four actual babies’ karyotypes. Get your stamp.

Karyotype Animation http://www.massasoit-bio.net/courses/136/136_courseassets/cummings_animations/karyotype.html

Do not copy the questions! Dispatch pg 92 Do not copy the questions! What 2 chromosomes determine whether you are a male or female? Is the karyotype on the right from a female or male? Explain. How many chromosomes does a normal person have? What is not normal about the chromosomes of someone with Down Syndrome?

Be sensitive! You may look away if some pictures are too uncomfortable

Down Syndrome or Trisonomy 21

Down Syndrome

Turner Syndrome

Turner Syndrome

Kleinfelter’s Syndrome

Kleinfelter’s Syndrome

Kleinfelter’s Syndrome TWIN BROTHERS

Other Chromosomal Abnormalities

Cri du Chat Syndrome

Cri du Chat Syndrome

Cri du Chat Syndrome

Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13)

Trisonomy 13

Trisonomy 18

Do not copy the questions! Dispatch 11/20 & 11/21 p. 74 Do not copy the questions! What chromosome controls the development of male sex organs? Is the karyotype on the right from a female or male? Explain. What abnormality does this individual have? Explain. What do you think causes these chromosomal abnormalities?

Meiosis p. 72

Somatic Cells: body cells Ex. Made by mitosis (PMAT) Gametes: reproductive cells

Diploid: Having 2 copies of each chromosome (2n) Somatic cells are diploid Human diploid number is _____ What are the cells in your body that are diploid? Are gametes diploid? Why or why not? How many chromosomes does a sperm and egg have? Haploid: Having only 1 copy of each chromosome (n) Gamete cells are haploid Human haploid number is _____ What are the cells in your body that are haploid?

Copy and fill in the chart below. Organism Diploid # (in somatic cells) Haploid # (in gametes) Cat Rose Goat Rice Dog Potatoes Organism Diploid # (in somatic cells) Haploid # (in gametes) Cat 19 Rose 12 Goat 30 Rice 24 Dog 39 Potatoes 48

A pair of chromosomes, 1 from mom and 1 from dad Homologous pair: A pair of chromosomes, 1 from mom and 1 from dad Contain the same genes (ex. eye color gene) But may contain different information (ex. brown eyes and blue eyes) Eye color gene

Mitosis: The process of making diploid somatic cells It happens ________________ Meiosis: The special process of making haploid gametes It happens in the ______________ & ______________ Do you do mitosis? Do you do meiosis?

DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes Notes A small piece of DNA that has info for 1 trait Chromosome- Large pieces of DNA that contain many genes Centromere Sister Chromatid Nucleus Depending on the age of the cell, a chromosome can be single or have 2 sister chromatids. Cell membrane