Creative Evolution of Flying Objects Domenico Bellomo Federico Divina David Edwards Sophie Kain Robert Vanyi

Scientists get 1M Euros to throw paper airplanes Prediction Scientists get 1M Euros to throw paper airplanes

Aim Evolve flying object Bench Mark What are we going to do?

Outline of the problem and problems! How to represent? How to fold? How to experiment? How to evaluate? How to simplify? How to understand Hungarian? How to print?

Contents Representation Experimental set-up Fitness function Evolutionary operators Experimental results Conclusion

Phenotype 6 lines maximum Each line described by 3 parameters Rotation Angle Displacement of line (%) Fold angle (-180, -90, 90, 180)

Genotype 6 lines: 7 bits for line displacement 7 bits for rotation angle 2 bits for the 4 folding angles

Example Folds Thickness Pattern -180 -90 +90 +180

Folding Rules Fold in numerical order Only fold visible lines Do not fold over 90 degree angle Split lines – fold in order of decreasing length

Experimental Set-up

Fitness function f(x) = 1/(0.8*t + 0.2*d) f(x) = 1/(0.2*t + 0.8*d) Distance Time 1st run - time emphasis f(x) = 1/(0.8*t + 0.2*d) 2nd run – distance emphasis f(x) = 1/(0.2*t + 0.8*d)

Fitness measurement Throw and measure Average of 3 trials Distance Time Average of 3 trials

Automated Fitness using similarity measure z y x

Evolutionary operators Mutation operator 2-point Crossover operator

Average Fitness- 1st run Generation Number

Best Fitness – 1st run Best Fitness Generation Number

1st Run Results Time emphasis Good diversity of shapes (three strategies) Flutterers Dart Flutterdart Fitness weighted towards time Flutters win Darts lost

Average Fitness – 2nd run Generation Number

Best Fitness – 2nd run Best Fitness Generation Number

2nd Run Results Distance emphasis Good diversity of shapes Average fitness improved Best fitness improved Good distance Best plane

Future work Larger trial size Elitist Selection Population size Generations Number of throws Elitist Selection Mechanical throwing device Automatic fitness calibration

Conclusions Creative power of evolution Jennifer took 2 pieces of paper… Any volunteers?