There’s no hug like an APHuG! APHG UNIT III CULTURE

Where are folk and popular leisure activities distributed? CHAPTER 4 Key Issues Where are folk and popular leisure activities distributed? Where are folk and population material culture distributed? Why is access to folk and popular culture unequal? Why do folk and popular culture face sustainability challenges?

Where are Folk and Popular Activities Distributed? CHAPTER 4 KEY ISSUE 1 Where are Folk and Popular Activities Distributed?

the body of material traits, customary beliefs, and social norms that defines the distinct tradition of a people.

Difference between habit and custom. A Habit is a repetitive act performed by an individual.

A Custom is a repetitive act performed by a group.

Customs Include: Behavior Clothing Music Food Sports…

Two major categories of CUSTOMS- 1.) Daily necessities 2.) Leisure Activities

DAILY NECESSITIES

DAILY NECESSITIES

LEISURE ACTIVITES

LEISURE ACTIVITIES

Folk and Popular Culture

FOLK culture is STATIC and is practiced in more isolated places and by relatively homogenous groups

POPULAR culture is DYNAMIC and is found in larger and more heterogeneous places

ORIGINS of FOLK CULTURE Anonymous hearths Multiple hearths, acting independently Anonymous sources Unknown dates Unidentified originators Oral origin stories

ORIGINS of POPULAR CULTURE Product of developed countries Typically North American or European Origin usually traceable to specific party in a particular place

DIFFUSION of FOLK CULTURE Smaller scale and slower transmissions from one location to another primarily through relocation diffusion (migration)

DIFFUSION of POPULAR CULTURE Tends to be transmitted by way of hierarchical diffusion Diffuses rapidly and extensively from hearths or nodes of innovation with help of modern communications

HEARTHS of Popular Culture TECHNOLOGY- ‘Silicon Valley’ MUSIC- Motown (soul), Nashville (country), urban centers (hip hop) MOVIES- Hollywood, Bollywood FASHION- NYC, Paris, London, LA

DISTRIBUTION of FOLK CULTURE Combination of local physical and cultural factors influence distinctive distributions. Isolation from other cultures because of physical barriers —e.g., distance and mountain ranges Religion

DISTRIBUTION of POPULAR CULTURE Widely distributed across many countries with little regard for physical factors Principal obstacle to access is lack of income to purchase the material (technology, fashion, etc)

FOLK and POPULAR MUSIC

FOLK MUSIC Originates anonymously Transmitted orally Content of songs centers on events in daily life that are familiar to the majority of people. Life-Cycle events E.g., birth, death, or marriage Environmental features E.g., agriculture or climate

Like other folk artifacts, folk music is STATIC, relatively unchanging over time.

POPULAR MUSIC Music written by specific individuals with the intent of being… Sold Performed in front of a paying audience Often displays a high degree of technical skill or refinement Musicians often have strong connections with other similar musicians that may span the globe.

Popular music is highly DYNAMIC, changing and shifting rapidly along with cultural preferences.

Folk and Popular SPORTS

Sports originated as isolated folk customs and diffused like other folk culture via relocation diffusion.

Some sports have diffused more widely than others

…But none has diffused as widely as SOCCER, the world’s most popular sport

ORIGINS of SOCCER SOCCER was invented in the 11th century in ENGLAND. A colorful ORIGIN STORY accounts for its creation Different versions of the game were played in different towns/cities Over time, the game became more standardized and popular in England

ORIGINS of SOCCER During the Industrial Rev’n, factories would form teams to play other factories. This became extremely popular. In 1863, the first LEAGUE is formed, and the rules were standardized for the first time. People begin to PAY to watch games- and athletes get PAID

SPREAD of SOCCER Travelers to England, and those in contact with English travelers, hear about or play the sport. Dutch students bring it to Continental Europe in the 1870s; Spanish miners start playing in the 1880s. Soccer is spread worldwide by empires, especially the BRITISH EMPIRE.

Today, soccer is by far the most widely dispersed sport in the world Today, soccer is by far the most widely dispersed sport in the world. Though some regions dominate, it has reached nearly every corner of the globe. FIGURE 4-12 GLOBAL SPORTS: WORLD CUP Most countries in Europe and Latin America have qualified for the World Cup finals. As soccer diffuses worldwide, qualification has increased in other regions.

OLYMPIC SPORTS

OLYMPIC SPORTS To qualify as an Olympic event, a sport must: Be widely played in at least 75 countries, AND Be played in countries on 4 continents There are currently 28 Olympic events NEITHER of the two most popular sports in the USA are played in the Olympics American Football Baseball

REGIONAL SPORTS CRICKET is played in many former British colonies, including countries in the Caribbean, India, and Australia.

FIGURE 4-14 CRICKET Boys play cricket in Katni, India.

REGIONAL SPORTS WUSHU is a form or martial arts; it is the most popular sport in China. Millions pay to see matches or choreographed performances.

REGIONAL SPORTS RUGBY was adapted from early SOCCER in 1823 when a player in RUGBY, ENGLAND picked up the ball and ran; the crowd loved it. Today, Rugby is played in former British colonies, like Cricket. The sport is most popular in AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND, though its popularity in the US is growing rapidly.