Toward an Urban America 1865-1914 Chapter 20 Toward an Urban America 1865-1914

20.1 The New Immigrants 1. Old Immigrants came from northern and western Europe. They spoke English and were protestant and blended easily into American Society. (page 582) 2. New Immigrants came from eastern and southern Europe. Many were Catholic or Jews and did not speak the English. This made it hard for them to blend into American Society. (p.583)

20.1 Cont…. 3. Steerage – cramped, noisy quarters on the lower decks of ships.

20.1 cont. •4. Immigrants came into the west through Angel Island in San Francisco.

20.1 Cont….. 5. Immigrants came into the east through Ellis Island in New York.

20.1 cont….. 6. Assimilate – to become part of a group. To fit in. 7. Nativism – the belief that those born in a country are superior to immigrants. 8. The Chinese Exclusion Act prohibited Chinese workers from entering the U.S.

20.1 cont….. 9. Immigration Act of 1917 required that an immigrant read and write in some language.

20.2 Moving to the City 1. In 1870 25% of Americans lived in cities. By 1910 nearly half of Americans lived in cities. 2. In major urban areas such as New York, Detroit, and Chicago, immigrants made up 80 percent or more of the population in 1890. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XlJGupXHvic

20.2 cont……. 3. Tenement – a building in which several families rented rooms. They later came to mean an apartment building in run down urban neighborhoods called slums. http://www.tenement.org/

20.2 cont….. 4. Suburbs – residential areas outside of cities. 5. The Gilded Age – suggested both the extravagant wealth of the late 1800s and the terrible poverty that lay underneath. 6. Settlement Houses were located in poor neighborhoods and provided medical care, playgrounds, nurseries, and libraries as well as classes in English.

20.2 cont…. 7. One of the most famous settlement houses was Chicago’s Hull House founded by Jane Adams in 1889. 8. Frederick Law Olmsted designed New York’s Central Park as well as several parks in Boston.

20.2 cont….. 9. New York’s Brooklyn Bridge was built in 1883 and remains in use today.

20.3 A Changing Culture 1. Most Americans in 1865 had attended school for an average of only four years. By 1914 most states required children have at least some schooling and 80 percent of all children between 5 and 17 were enrolled in schools. 2. The Morrill Act gave states large amounts of land that could be sold to raise money for education. The states used these funds to start dozens of schools called land-grant colleges.

20.3 cont….. 3. Yellow Journalism meant exaggerating the dramatic or gruesome aspects of stories. ( Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst ) 4. 1865-1900 Some magazines of this era the Atlantic Monthly, Harper’s Magazine, and Ladies Home Journal are still published today.

20.3 cont…. 5. Realism sought to describe the lives of real people. 6. Regionalism focused on a particular region of the country.

20.3 cont…… 7. Winslow Homer was a painter during the late 1800s and the early 1900s who painted scenes of southern farmers, and stormy sea scenes.

20.3 cont….. 8. During this time period (late 1800s-early 1900s) baseball became America’s most popular spectator sport. The first World Series was held in 1903. Pittsburgh Pirates (Back Row) and Boston Americans (Front Row)

20.3 cont….. 9. Vaudeville Shows were variety shows with dancing, singing, comedy, and magic acts. 10. Theaters called nickelodeons charged 5 cents to see short films. This was the beginning of today’s film industry.