Unit 2: Getting Down to Business 2016-17

Factors supporting U.S. Industrialization Natural resources: iron ore (steel), coal (energy), lead (water pipes) Access to raw material by transportation networks Railroads Shipping Inventions Electric lighting and electric power for machinery- Thomas Edison Telephone- Alexander Graham Bell New workers due to increased immigration Financial resources- money

Reasons for the growth of Big Business National markets created by transportation advances and mail order catalogs (Sears Roebuck, Montgomery Ward out of Chicago) Advertising Lower-cost production Cheaper transportation and resource cost Mass production/Assembly Line

Cities and Key Industries Boston- Textiles Pittsburgh- Steel Detroit- Automobiles Chicago- Meat packing

Captains of Industry/Robber Barons Cornelius Vanderbilt- shipping and railroads Andrew Carnegie- steel John D. Rockefeller- oil

Trusts Trusts Group of businesses who join forces to eliminate competition (set prices )

Working Conditions During the Industrialization Long hours Low wages Unsafe working conditions (Sweat Shops) Child labor

Labor Unions Labor Unions Knights of Labor Created by factory workers Organized the workers into a single voice to speak to owners wanted to improve the working conditions and pay In most disputes between owners and workers the public sided with the owners Knights of Labor Became the biggest union by 1886 Admitted women, immigrants, African Americans, and unskilled workers Did not believe in the use of strikes (workers walk out of business) American Federation of Labor (AFL) Small union made up of only skilled workers Encouraged unions to work together against owners (collective bargaining)

Homestead Strike Strike against one of Carnegie’s steel factories When Carnegie cut wages the union went on strike refusing to work The factory brought in a private army to protect non-union workers (strikebreakers) Violence breaks out killing nine people