Solutions Colloid Suspension Mixtures Solutions Colloid Suspension

Mixture A mixture is two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Does not react to form a compound. Example: pizza is cheese, mushrooms, mushrooms, Canadian bacon, Canadian bacon, tomato sauce, and crust.

Mixture You can pick out the individual components of a mixture. Each item is the mixture keeps it’s identity. Example: Toss Salad is lettuce, cheese, tomato, dressing, crust, and pickles.

Mixtures may be Homogenous- uniformly distributed particles, Kool-Aid in water.

Mixture Heterogeneous- unevenly distributed particles, ingredients on pizza or in toss salad.

Homogenous or Heterogenous? Air Salt water Tea Brass Vinegar Hydrogen peroxide Steel Salad dressing Apple Sand Paint Granite Laundry detergent Cereal

Mixtures Mixtures do not have definite ratio ( 1:1, 2:5, etc) of components. The components can vary in proportion.

Mixtures 2- Separated by physical means. 1- No change in the original properties of the components. 2- Separated by physical means. 3-Formed by using any ratio of components.

Separating Mixtures Can separate by physical means: Distillation, Filtering, or by spinning in a Centrifuge.

Distillation Separating by the different boiling points of the components. Examples: crude oil into gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, and asphalt. Alcohol from fermented material and fresh water from salt water.

Centrifuge Separates blood platelets from plasma Spinning in a circle causing the most dense material to settle to the bottom. Separates blood platelets from plasma Separating different components of atomic particles (Iraq).

Centrifuge separates blood platelets

Particles are evenly distributed throughout. Solutions Particles are evenly distributed throughout. Same appearance and properties throughout the mixture. Particles in a solution are so small they never settle out and cannot be separated by filtering.

Solvent/Solvent Solute is the substance that is dissolved. Solvent is the substance solute is dissolved in. When two liquids or two gases are combined into a solution the substance with the greater amount is the solvent. Example: air (oxygen in nitrogen) or antifreeze (alcohol in water) or brass (zinc in copper).

Solute/Solvent

Solutions may be Solid in liquid (salt in H2O) Liquid in liquid (antifreeze) Gas in gas (Air O in N) Gas in liquid (soda CO2 in H2O) Solid in solid (Brass=Cu in Zn)

Concentration Is expressed as grams solute/milliliter of solvent. Dilute is less solute per unit of solvent. Concentrated is more solute per unit of solvent.

Saturated Saturated means the solution holds all the solute it can hold at a specific temperature and pressure. Can make a supersaturated solution by adding heat to the solution. Actually forces more solute into the solution than it can normally hold.

Solubility Is the ability of solute to dissolve in solvent at a certain temperature and pressure. Most solids are more soluble in liquid as the temperature goes up (the solute particles are further apart). Most gases are less soluble in liquid as temperature goes up (the gas more easily escapes from the liquid).

Solubility Mix or stir (get particles moving not clumped together) Ways to increase solubility are: Mix or stir (get particles moving not clumped together) Heat (increase the particles average kinetic energy) Crush ( increase surface area)

Suspension Can separate by passing through a filter. A mixture of particles dispersed in a liquid or a gas but large enough they will eventually settle out. Can separate by passing through a filter. Examples: Snow globe, Italian Dressing, dirt particles in a container of water.

Suspension

Colloid A mixture that the particles sizes are between a solution and a suspension. Particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out. Cannot be separated by filtering. Examples: milk, jello, stick deodorant, whip cream, butter.

Colloid