EVOLUTION VOCAB Chapter 15 Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing © 2006

Differences among individuals within a species Change in a population over time; also change in the relative frequency of alleles in a gene pool evolution Differences among individuals within a species Natural variation

Homologous structures Structures that develop from the same embryonic tissues, but have different mature forms Homologous structures Organ with little or no function that was functional in an ancestor species Vestigial organ

The selection and breeding by humans of animals with certain useful traits from the natural variation in the population Artificial selection Book published by Charles Darwin in which he proposed a mechanism and provided evidence for his Theory of Evolution “On the Origin of Species”

Inherited characteristic that increases and organism’s chances Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a specific environment fitness Inherited characteristic that increases and organism’s chances for survival adaptation

Preserved remains of an ancient organism fossil Islands that Darwin visited on his voyage on the Beagle that started him thinking about how organisms change over time Galapagos

Descent with Modifications Concept that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time Descent with Modifications Idea that organisms that are best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce Survival of the Fittest

Book published by Charles Darwin in which he proposed a mechanism Trait controlled by a single gene Single gene trait Book published by Charles Darwin in which he proposed a mechanism and provided evidence for his Theory of Evolution “The Origin of Species”

Natural selection is also known as ______________ The idea that all species, living and extinct, were derived from a common ancestor Common descent Natural selection is also known as ______________ Survival of the fittest

Alfred Wallace French naturalist who hypothesized Naturalist who gave Darwin incentive to publish his ideas about evolution by writing an essay that described similar ideas. Alfred Wallace French naturalist who hypothesized that organisms acquire traits during their lifetime through use or disuse which can be passed on to offspring Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

James Hutton & Charles Lyell 2 geologists who recognized that Earth is many millions of years old and that processes that changed it still operate today James Hutton & Charles Lyell English economist who reasoned that if the human population kept growing unchecked, there would be insufficient food and space for everyone Thomas Malthus

A possible explanation for a set of observations or a possible answer to a scientific problem Another name for natural selection hypothesis Survival of the fittest

A well supported, testable explanation of observed natural phenomena THEORY Another name for competition for resources Struggle for existence

James Hutton & Charles Lyell NAME THE SCIENTISTS WHO . . . They proposed that the Earth has changed over millions of years and the processes that caused the change are still happening James Hutton & Charles Lyell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hutton http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/lefa/Lyell.html

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck NAME THE SCIENTIST WHO . . . French naturalist who proposed the idea that characteristics could be acquired or lost by their “use or disuse” during an organism’s lifetime and that these traits could be passed on to offspring. English economist who reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient food and living space. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Thomas Malthus http://anthro.palomar.edu/synthetic/synth_2.htm

Naturalist who gave Darwin incentive to NAME THE SCIENTIST WHO . . . Naturalist who gave Darwin incentive to publish his ideas about evolution by writing an essay that described similar ideas. Alfred Wallace http://www.strangescience.net/wallace.htm Proposed the idea that populations change over time as a result of competition for available resources in which individuals with the characteristics best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce Charles Darwin http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96feb/darwin.html

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